Transcript Commas PPT ch.14
PUNCTUATION Holt ch.14
COMMAS wksht. A RULE 1
: Use a comma to separate words, phrases, or clauses in a series of three or more. She had a bagel
,
an apple
,
and juice. (words) The dog went in the house
,
to his bowl
,
and up the stairs.
(phrases) We ate
,
we danced
,
and then we left. (clauses)
COMMAS wksht. A
RULE 1 : Use a comma to separate words, phrases, or clauses in a series of three or more. Some writers do not use the COMMA before the conjunction with a series, but you SHOULD use a comma there! She cried , kicked and screamed during the tantrum. NO!!
She cried , kicked , and screamed during the tantrum.
YES!!
COMMAS wksht. A
RULE 2: use a comma between two adjectives (in a row) preceding a noun wild , aggressive dog Do the check test. Can you switch them around? Can you use “and”?
wild and aggressive dog aggressive and wild dog If the switch makes sense, you need a comma.
COMMAS wksht. A RULE 2: two adjectives in a row describing a noun
fat , hairy cat steamy , delicious soup hairy , wild Siberian husky ugly , vicious French poodle warm , crunchy French bread
COMMAS wksht. B RULE 3
: Use a comma before a conjunction (FANBOYS) when it joins independent clauses in a sentence. I wanted vanilla ice cream. All they had was chocolate. I wanted vanilla
,
but all they had was chocolate. (subject and verb) , BUT (independent) , BUT (subject and verb) (independent)
COMMAS wksht. B
RULE 3 : Use a comma before a conjunction (FANBOYS) when it joins independent clauses in a sentence. DO NOT BE FOOLED! WARNING! DO NOT BE FOOLED!
MAKE SURE THAT THERE ARE TWO INDEPENDENT CLAUSES AND THAT BOTH CONTAIN A SUBJECT AND A VERB in order to use the comma between the independent clauses! Usually we study in the morning and play basketball in the afternoon .
(subject and verb) , and (verb)
COMMAS wksht. C
RULE 3: Use commas to set off an expression that interrupts a sentence.
Two commas are needed if the INTERRUPTER is in the middle of the sentence .
Anne Meyers , our neighbor, is a good golfer.
One comma is needed if the INTERRUPTER or ends the sentence.
starts Of course, I would like to win. My answer is correct , I suppose .
COMMAS wksht C
Do not worry about essential versus non-essential ! This is an eighth or ninth grade standard.
Cross off activity B on worksheet C side! For now, put commas around all interrupters whether essential or not!
COMMAS wksht C
Types of interrupters: Participial Phrase: A phrase that looks like a verb, but it functions as an adjective.
Paul
,
thrilled by the applause
,
took a bow.
My sister
,
listening to the radio
,
did not hear me.
Ellis Island , rebuilt as a museum, opened in 1990.
COMMAS wksht C
Types of interrupters: Adjective Dependent Clause: who, whose, which, whom (along with a verb) Paul
,
who won the contest
,
took a bow.
My sister
,
whom I dislike
,
did not hear me.
Ellis Island
,
which was rebuilt
,
opened in 1990.
COMMAS wksht C
Types of interrupters: Appositive phrase: noun/pronoun phrase used to identify or rename the subject.
Paul
,
my neighbor
,
took a bow.
My sister
,
the littlest
,
was there.
Ellis Island
,
the museum
,
opened in 1990.
COMMAS wksht D
Types of interrupters: Direct Address: speaking directly to a person or group of people Paul, take a bow please.
Take a bow , Paul, please. Take a bow please , Paul.
EXAMPLES:
Good work , students. Congratulations , track team! Help me , boys! Did you hear me , Jennifer?
EXAMPLES:
Ladies , get ready. Gentlemen , let’s go! Happy birthday , Brenden! Congratulations , Mom!
COMMAS wksht D
Types of interrupters: Parenthetical Expression: a side remark that could be in parenthesis; not very important, and kind of conversational or transitional Paul , by the way , took a bow.
My sister , of course , was there.
Ellis Island , I suppose , opened in 1990.
COMMAS wksht D
Common Parenthetical Expressions BY THE WAY I BELIEVE IN FACT TO TELL THE TRUTH HOWEVER IN MY OPINION I SUPPOSE ON THE OTHER HAND NEVERTHELESS
COMMAS
RULE 4 : To set off introductory of prep phrases of 5 or more words From my house to your house , miles. it is five Near the old general store, there is a gas station.
COMMAS
RULE 5 : To set off introductory WORDS First, I want to go home. Then, I want to have a snack. Yes, it will be a healthy one. But, I want ice cream. Still, I will resist the temptation
.
COMMAS
RULE 6: To set off an introductory dependent clause After she won the trophy , we celebrated.
DEPENDENT CLAUSE STARTERS
AS UNTIL ALTHOUGH UNLESS AFTER BEFORE BECAUSE WHEN WHENEVER WHERE IF WHEREVER IN ORDER TO WHILE SINCE WHETHER
EXAMPLES
Since you did not sleep well , you are tired.
Because you are tired
,
you fell asleep at school.
When the teacher called home
,
you were worried.