Qualities of Living Things
Download
Report
Transcript Qualities of Living Things
Qualities of Living Things
What does it mean to be alive??
Benchmarks
• Compare and classify organisms into
major groups on the basis of their
structure. (III.2.MS.1)
Misconceptions
• http://www.nasalearn.org/teacher_suppor
t_alerts_misconceps_lifesci.htm
• http://homepage.mac.com/vtalsma/syllabi
/2943/handouts/misconcept.html#biology
• Sing the Science Standards
– Living or Non-Living?
Qualities of Living Things
ALL of the following must apply. Living things
must...
• move.
• grow and develop and die.
• adapt to their environment.
• respond to stimuli/ are sensitive.
• excrete wastes.
• respire. (breathe)
• reproduce.
• are made of cells.
• obtain and use energy.
Alive???
Move?
Grow/develop/d
ie?
Respond?
Adapt?
Excrete wastes?
Respire?
Reproduce?
Made of Cells?
Obtain/use
energy?
Human
Candle
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Maybe
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
So……
Which is alive????
• Is the human alive???
• Is the candle alive???
Symmetry
Bilateral
Symmetry
Radial
Symmetry
1 line of
Many lines of
symmetry
symmetry
dividing an
possible.
organism into 2
mirror image
parts.
Example:
Example:
human
Sea star
Asymmetrical
No lines of
symmetry.
Example:
amoeba
Onward…
Now that you know about
Qualities of Life, and Symmetry, let’s
continue.
Levels of Organization
Cells
Example
Nerve cell
Example
Bone cell
Tissues
Nerve tissue
Organs
Brain
Connective
(bone) tissue
bones
Organ systems
Central
nervous
system
human
Organism
Skeletal
system
vertebrate
Levels of Organization
• Create a chart and fill in the levels of
organization chart according to the
following information.
Level 1 - Cells
• Are the basic units of
•
•
structure and function
in living things.
May serve a specific
function within the
organism
Blood cells, nerve
cells, bone cells, etc
Level 2 - Tissues
• Made up of cells that
•
are similar in
structure and function
and which work
together to perform a
specific activity.
Muscle, nerve,
connective, epithelial,
are the 4 types of
tissue in humans.
Level 3 - Organs
• Made up of tissues
•
that work together to
perform a specific
activity.
Brain, heart, skin
Level 4 – Organ Systems
• Groups of 2+ organs that
•
work together to perform
a specific function for the
organism.
Circulatory, nervous,
skeletal, digestive,
endocrine, excretory,
immune, reproductive,
respiratory
The Body Systems…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Circulatory-heart, blood, blood vessels, etc.
Respiratory-lungs, bronchi, etc.
Endocrine-glands, lymph nodes, etc.
Nervous-nerves, spinal cord, brain, etc.
Skeletal-bones, connective tissue, etc
Digestive-esophagus, stomach, liver, etc.
Excretory-kidney, liver, skin, etc.
Immune-white blood cells, lymph, etc.
Reporoductive- sexual organs, etc.
Level 5 - Organisms
• Entire living things that
•
•
can carry out all basic life
processes.
Usually made up of organ
systems, but organisms
can also be unicellular.
(“uni” means one)
Bacteria, amoeba,
mushroom, sunflower,
human
Levels of Organization
• How will you remember these in order?
Cells Tissues Organs Organ
systemsOrganism
Onward…
• Before we go any further….
Let’s clarify the difference between the terms
Heterotrophic
and
Autotrophic
Heterotrophic
• Organism that can
•
•
NOT manufacture
their own food.
Get their energy from
eating other
organisms.
Example: Animals of
all kinds.
Autotrophic
• Organism that CAN
•
•
manufacture it’s own
food.
Create their food from
sunlight, or chemical
means.
Example: Plants of all
kinds.
Kingdoms…
• Now that you know the difference
between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic,
we can begin to discuss the 5 kingdoms
that all life is divided into.
• Did you know that every living organism
can be classified into one of the 5
kingdoms.
The 5 Kingdoms of Life
• Monera
• Protista
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
Kingdom Monera (bacteria)
• Unicellular
• No nucleus
• Heterotrophic or
•
•
•
autotrophic
Most primitive
Most numerous
Example: bacteria
3 shapes of bacteria
Spirilli
Bacillu Cocci
s
Spiral Rod
Sphere
shaped shaped shaped
Kingdom Protista (protists)
• Unicellular
• With nucleus
• Autotrophic or
•
•
3 ways Protists Move
Cilia
Flagellum Pseudopodia
heterotrophic
Small Long
Examples:
hairlike whiplike
Amoeba/ diatom oars
Parame Euglena
cium
Streaming
protoplasm
(False foot)
Amoeba
Kingdom Fungi
• Unicellular or
•
•
•
•
Multicellular
Have nuclei
Heterotrophic (can’t
make it’s own food)
Cell wall contains
chitin.
Examples: mushroom,
yeast
Kingdom Plantae
• Multicellular
• Have nuclei
• Autotrophic (makes it’s
•
•
own food)
Cell wall contains
cellulose.
Examples: grass, corn,
tree
Kingdom Animalia
• Multicellular
• Have nuclei
• Heterotrophic (can’t
•
make it’s own food)
Examples: spider,
bird, human
Remember those Kingdoms…
Now create a mnemonic to remember the
Kingdoms of life,
and
Draw a picture to make it easier for you to
remember these kingdoms.
Oh yes!
Another list to remember…
Are you ready????
Classification of Life
• Every organism can be considered part of 1 of
the 5 kingdoms, but the kingdom is only the
broadest of the classification categories.
• Every organism also has a much longer
classification name.
• This classification name gives clues as to how
organisms are related to each other.
Classification of Life
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species
***Make a mnemonic
to remember levels of
classification in order.
Then draw a picture of
your mnemonic so that
you will remember it.
Compare a lion to a human…
Lion
Human
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chrodata
Chordata
Class
Mammalia
Mammalia
Order
Carnivora
Primate
Family
Felidae
Homo
Genus
Panthera
Sapiens
Species
leo
sapiens
Classification of Life
• Do you see how they share the same
Kingdom, Phylum and Class, but begin to
differ at the Order level?
• This shows that we are more closely
related to lions than Pine Trees, because
they would be an entirely different
kingdom.
Classification of Organisms
How this fits together…
5 Kingdoms of Life
Animalia
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Plantae
Fungi
Monera
Protist
Classification of Life
• Any organism from any Kingdom can be
classified in a similar manner.
• Relationship to other organisms is based
on how similar/different they are
according to their structure.
Classification Genus & Species
• When we refer to an animal, many times
they are referred to only by their genus
and species names.
• The genus name is ALWAYS capitalized.
• The species name is NEVER capitalized.