UPDATE ON WHITEFLIES, SCALES AND MEALYBUGS NEW TO FLORIDA

Ian Stocks, Taxonomic Entomologist Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Aleurodicus

 35 species  Caribbean and Central America 

A. cocois

 A. pulvinatus (CR- Bahamas)  FLORIDA: dispersus, dugesii, rugioperculatus  highly polyphagous, pestiferous  parasitoids present, variable efficacy (0-100%) A. rugioperculatus Pest Alert Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Aleurodicus rugioperculatus: Aleyrodidae Rugose spiraling whitefly (AKA gumbo-limbo spiraling whitefly)

 submitted samples often just with egg spirals  ♀ ’s may oviposit on a wider host range than is suitable for development  examine a wider area to see if nymphs or pupae are present  in palms, esp. common along midrib  control and biology research by Dr. C. Mannion, UF-TREC  massive quantities of honeydew, sooty mold and sticky wax  pools, cars, decks and patios Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Aleurodicus rugioperculatus: Aleyrodidae Rugose spiraling whitefly; gumbo-limbo spiraling whitefly

Hosts (DPI Database) ; ~60 species

Acalypha wilkesiana Adonidia merrillii Annona sp.

Araucaria heterophylla Brassica rapa Bucida buceras Bursera simaruba Calophyllum sp.

Calophyllum inophyllum Catharanthus roseus Chrysobalanus icaco Chrysophyllum oliviforme Coccothrinax sp.

Cocos nucifera Conocarpus erectus Cordyline fruticosa Dictyosperma album Dypsis lutescens Dypsis decaryi Eugenia axillaris Eugenia uniflora Eugenia sp.

Ficus carica Hyophorbe verschaffeltii Mangifera indica Manilkara roxburghiana Manilkara zapota Musa sp.

Myrcianthes fragrans Myrica cerifera Parthenocissus quinquefolia Persea americana Phoenix roebelenii Pinanga coronata Pithecellobium keyense Psidium guajava Quercus virginiana Rosa sp.

Sabal palmetto Sagittaria latifolia Schinus terebinthifolius Sideroxylon salicifolium Sideroxylon foetidissimum Simarouba glauca Smilax auriculata Spondias sp.

Spondias purpurea Spondias mombin Strelitzia nicolai Strelitzia reginae Syzygium cumini Terminalia catappa Thespesia populnea Veitchia arecina Washingtonia robusta Wodyetia bifurcata Zeuxine strateumatica

Distibution

Broward Co.

Indian River Co.

Miami-Dade Co. (75% of samples) Monroe Co. Palm Beach Co.

Polk Co.

Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Vryburgia trionymoides: Pseudococcidae

 described from Kenya in 1961  not recorded again until found in California, now locally established, common in grow houses  Florida: 2005, 2009- big box retailers in S. Florida  major infestations found in Spring, 2011  Nassau Co., Duval Co. (big box retailers )  risk assessment: unknown, but can kill a succulent if left untreated  very similar to citrus mealybug, co-occur (slight difference in body color, wax pattern)  look CLOSELY in rosettes and near stem Photo: Lyle Buss, UF Photo: Andrew Derksen, DPI Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Vryburgia trionymoides

Hosts

Aloe ciliaris Crassula spp.

Dudleya farinosa Echeveria sp.

Graptopetalum sp.

Senecio crassissimus

Aloaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Crassulaceae Asteraceae

Distribution

Duval Co.

Lake Co.

Nassau Co. Palm Beach Co.

Volusia Co.

Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Phenacoccus multicerarii: Pseudococcidae

 described in 2007 from specimens collected in 1949 from Caracas, Venezuala found in a museum collection, unknown host  not seen again until June, 2011, from multiple hosts at a retail nursery in Fernandina Beach (Nassau Co.)   trace-back initiated, nursery in Orange County identified and subsequently verified recently collected specimens from Port Everglades Hosts Aloaceae Asteraceae Begoniaceae Convolvulaceae Dryopteridaceae Dryopteridaceae Ericaceae Hydrangeaceae Lamiaceae Liliaceae Melastomataceae Moraceae Primulaceae Selaginellaceae Thelypteridaceae

Aloe vera Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Begonia sp.

Ipomoea batatas Cyrtomium falcatum Polystichum sp.

Rhododendron sp.

Hydrangea sp.

Plectranthus scutellarioides Hosta sp.

Medinilla magnifica Ficus pumila Lysimachia nummularia Selaginella uncinata Thelypteris sp.

Photo: Lisa Hassell, DPI Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Phenacoccus multicerarii

Photo: Lisa Hassell, DPI Photo: Lisa Hassell, DPI Photo: Ian Stocks, DPI Photo: Ian Stocks, DPI  3.5 to 4 mm long  pale yellow- grey  light dusting of powdery wax  lateral filaments (wax protrusions along flank)  ovisac (cottony mass with eggs/ crawlers)  very similar to P. madeirensis, the madeira mealybug and P. solani complex (solani, solenopsis)  worldwide, many Phenacoccus are very destructive  not shy- very visible on plant Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Planococcus minor: Pseudococcidae. Passionvine mealybug

 Old-world species, now found almost world-wide  present in Caribbean, S. America and C. America since 1980’s  severe pest of many plant species: USDA watch-list  “Positively” identified in Florida in 2010  found again in June 2011 at a nursery in Palm Beach County  impossible to distinguish between P. citri and P. minor in the field  will it be a pest? how widely distributed?

 will P. citri parasitoids/predators find it to be a suitable host?

 http://www.freshfromflorida.com/pi/pest_alerts/pdf/planococcus minor.pdf

Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Passionvine mealybug

ovisac lateral filaments multiple-stage aggregations Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Phalacrococcus howertoni (Coccidae) croton scale

2008 2010

http://www.freshfromflorida.com/ pi/enpp/ento/coccoidea_coccidae.

html Hodges and Hodgson, 2010. Florida Entomologist Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry

Current distribution Brevard Co.

Broward Co.

Charlotte Co.

Collier Co.

Duval Co.

Hernando Co.

Highlands Co.

Hillsborough Co.

Indian River Co.

Lee Co.

Manatee Co.

Marion Co.

Martin Co.

Monroe Co.

Nassau Co.

Okaloosa Co.

Orange Co.

Osceola Co.

Palm Beach Co.

Pasco Co.

Pinellas Co.

Polk Co.

Putnam Co.

Saint Lucie Co.

Sarasota Co.

Seminole Co.

Suwannee Co.

Phalacrococcus howertoni

croton scale

 Miami-Dade Co.-57% of samples  Codiaeum variegatum-59% of samples  Bursera simaruba-7% of samples  88 plant species  recently found in carribean  pest of limited distribution quarantined when in nurseries  updated Pest Alert to be released soon Ian Stocks, Division of Plant Industry