Transcript on facing risks and increasing resilience
RESILIENT CITIES 2012 3 RD GLOBAL FORUM ON URBAN RESILIENCE AND ADAPTATION
URBAN RISK FORUM
MAKATI CITY: FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCE
ATTY. VIOLETA SOMERA SEVA
Senior Advisor City Government of Makati, Philippines 16 May 2012 Bonn, Germany
CITIES
ROLE OF CITIES »
PULL-FACTOR OF CITIES
˃ Employment Opportunities ˃ ˃ Better Services Delivery Fast-paced Urban Lifestyle »
EFFECTS OF URBANIZATION
˃ Unmanaged Development ˃ ˃ Urban Sprawl Unsustainable Population Growth
RISKS
CATEGORIES OF RISKS ECONOMIC RISKS SOCIETAL RISKS ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS GEOPOLITICAL RISKS TECHNOLOGICAL RISKS • CHRONIC FISCAL IMBALANCES • Severe Income Disparity • Major Systemic Financial Failure • Infrastructure neglect • UNSUSTAINABLE POPULATION GROWTH • Water Supply Crisis • Food Shortage Crisis • Unmanageable migration • Vulnerability to pandemics • RISING GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSIONS • Failure of Climate Change Adaption • Land and waterway mismanagement • Geophysical destruction • GLOBAL GOVERNANCE FAILURE • Terrorism • Pervasive Entrenched Corruption • Organised crime • CRITICAL SYSTEMS FAILURE • Cyber Attacks • Massive Incidence of Data Fraud Source: Global Risk Report 2012
RISKS
CENTRES OF GRAVITY Source: Global Risk Report 2012
GOVERNANCE
INFLUENCING ALL OTHER RISKS »
WEAK GOVERNANCE LEADS TO:
˃ Poor service delivery ˃ ˃ ˃ Mismanagement of land and water resources Food and water supply shortage Lack of coherence between policy and planning ˃ Inadequate investments ˃ Failure to address the effects of climate change
MAKATI CITY
THE FINANCIAL CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES » » » » » Land Area: 27.36 sq. kms.
Population: • Night time: 510,383 • Day time: 3.7 million 2 Congressional Districts 33 Barangays (Communities) One out of 17 LGUs in Metro Manila (National Capital Region)
MAKATI CITY
THE FINANCIAL CAPITAL OF THE PHILIPPINES » » » » 40% of the Top 1,000 Highest Earning, Most Profitable & Largest Corporations 60,551 Business Establishments 56 Embassies 34 Consulates
MAKATI CITY
RISK PROFILE » » » » EARTHQUAKE PRONE ˃ Presence of the West Valley Fault FLOOD PRONE ˃ Low-lying areas near the Pasig River LANDSLIDE PRONE LIQUEFACTION PRONE
MAKATI CITY ORTHOPHOTO
Source: MMEIRS 2004
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS AND CAPACITY MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS ACROSS ALL SECTORS, INCLUDING INFRASTRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENT INTENSIFYING OUR SOFTSCAPE ACTIVITIES, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND BASE INFORMATION COLLECTION FOR PLANNING PURPOSES, PROMOTING A CULTURE OF SAFETY AMONG RESIDENTS COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IS ESSENTIAL (ULTIMATE BENEFICIARIES)
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM AND CAPACITY
˃ Special Bodies For Environment And Disaster Risk Management: + Makati Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council + Makati City Environmental Protection Council + Clean and Green Committee + Clean Cities Makati Coalition + Makati Solid Waste Management Board + Makati Health Council + Child Protection Council + Peace and Order Council + Makati Business Development Council + Makati Rescue + Makati Command, Control and Communication Center
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM AND CAPACITY
˃ Established the Makati DRRM Council, religiously complying with its provision on the Local DRRM Fund allocation and utilization pursuant to RA 10121.
Local DRRM Fund (previously known as Calamity Fund)
5% of total revenue
Particulars
• • • • • • •
30% Quick Response Fund CDRI (with CCDRMMP and Barangay Profiling) GFDRR CITYNET Disaster Cluster Disaster Risk Assessment Early Warning Others
2011
USD 2.8 M
2012
USD 7.1 M
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
STRENGTHENING INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM AND CAPACITY
˃ Partnering with different local and international agencies who provide technical assistance and promote DRR-CCA advocacies through capacity-building programs and various media ˃ Funded by the World Bank Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery, Makati engages in a City-to-City Sharing Initiative with Quito, Ecuador and Kathmandu, Nepal with the goal of exchanging sound practices on emergency management, risk-sensitive land use planning and public awareness strategies for DRR
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
˃ Updating of the comprehensive land use plan and comprehensive development plan to include climate change and disaster-risk considerations ˃ Converting the City’s Environment Managemement Plan into a Climate Change Action Plan
»
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY
MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
˃ Programs and Activities: + City-Wide tree Planting + Revenue-generating waste recovery initiatives under the city’s Solid Waste Management Program + Accounting of GHG emission with USAID + Dreamland Relocation Project with Gawad Kalinga
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
˃ Programs and Activities: + Makati Transport Strategies – E-Jeepneys – – Pedestrianization of the CBD Makati Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) System – LED Traffic Lights + Makati Waterways Management Plan – cleaning up of creeks and waterways to prevent flooding
Elevated Walkways
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
MAINSTREAMING DRR AND CCA IN OUR LOCAL LAND USE PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
˃ Programs and Activities: + MAKATI RISK-SENSITIVE URBAN
REDEVELOPMENT PROJECT
– aims at transforming a highly vulnerable barangay into a disaster-resilient community.
+ CREATION OF THE GREEN URBAN
DESIGN CENTER
– Aims to bring the concepts of green building and sustainable urban governance at the grassroots level as it targets barangays, the smallest unit of government in the country
Fault Zone Development
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
INTENSIFYING OUR SOFTSCAPE ACTIVITIES, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND BASE INFORMATION COLLECTION, FOR PLANNING PURPOSES
˃ MRSURP had enabled the City to gather basic physical risk and socio-economic vulnerability information of the pilot barangay through town watching activities and survey administration ˃ Localized hazard maps at the city level using the Geographic Information System of the city.
˃ Developing a GIS Atlas of risks and hazards
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
INTENSIFYING OUR SOFTSCAPE ACTIVITIES, VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND BASE INFORMATION COLLECTION, FOR PLANNING PURPOSES
˃ Assessment of the City’s resiliency on climate-induced disasters in terms of its physical, natural, economic, social and institutional capacities and capabilities, as the identified 5-dimensional framework of the Climate and Disaster Resilience Initiative.
˃ Conducted together with Kyoto University and Citynet
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IS ESSENTIAL
˃ Community participation in planning and implementation of programmes and projects ˃ Capacity building activities at the commuinity level ˃ IEC on DRM and social/economic /cultural projects
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY ECONOMIC RESILIENCE • Sustained financial stability provided the city government to implement exemplary programs on education and employment to address the risk of income disparity SOCIETAL RESILIENCE ENVIRONMENTAL RESILIENCE GEOPOLITICAL RESILIENCE • Social welfare programme, education programme • Updating of the CLUP, CDP and Zoning Ordinances • Makati Health Program • Peace and order, security • Greenhouse Gas Accounting and Management • Makati Waterways Management Plan • Risk Sensitive Land Use Planning thru MRSURP and GFDRR City-To City Sharing Initiative • Good Governance • Transparency and Accountability • E-Governance TECHNOLOGICAL RESILIENCE • Constant dialogue with the private/business sector to be able to provide them with a secured business environment
MAKATI CITY
FACING RISKS AND INCREASING RESILIENCY »
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES
Social and economic challenges • Job creation • Poverty alleviation Environmental • Regulation and enforcement issues • Building codes, environment codes, structural codes, fire safety codes, etc.
Limitations to capacity • Human and technical resources • Funding »
ISSUES NEEDING INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION AND DISCUSSION IN THE AREA OF URBAN RISK
» Some of the risks (i.e. terrorism, increase in energy prices, unmanageable inflation and cyber attacks) are beyond the scope of cities and will need the intervention at the national and international level.
» Further knowledge on new risks, particularly on those that are categorized as technological, are needed to be able to determine how they can be addressed by cities and concerned organizations. .
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CONCLUSION
CITIES AT RISK…CITIES AS RISKS » Understanding and communicating the risks to decision-makers and the community should still be the priority, by effectively cascading the knowledge and tools.
» Radical reforms in planning are required. Participatory planning, with more good balance of input by experts and communities and engagement with multilevel actors, will ensure that the vision of all stakeholders are considered. » There is a need to create and strengthen linkages between local, national, regional and global levels for cities to be able to receive the necessary support they need to carry out their resiliency initiatives.
» Cities may be seen as vulnerable to risks or as the perpetrators of risks, but if cities are well-managed through a risk-based approach, they have the potential to be strong drivers of positive change.