Transcript Achieving Noble Gas Electron Configuration

Achieving Noble Gas
Electron Configuration
• In this powerpoint, electron orbital filling
will be reviewed.
• Atoms lose electrons (OIL, oxidation) or
gain electrons (RIG, reduction) to achieve
noble gas electron configuration
• Recognize the appearance of Bohr’s Model
after an atom lose or gains electrons, or how
it bonds to hydrogen.
Supplemental packet page 53
Electron Orbital Filling
9e
10e
Hunds rule needs to be applied:
Fill each p orbital with one electron
each before pairing.
11e
10e
10e
F- and Na+ are isoelectronic (the same electronically) with Ne
All elements lose or gain electrons to achieve noble gas e- configuration
Draw the following into your notes opposite page 64
nonmetals gain electrons to achieve noble gas e- configuration
of the noble gas in their period (row)
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10Ne
5B
semimetal
6C
C 4–
carbide ion
7N
N 3–
nitride ion
8O
O 2–
oxide ion
nonmetals ions
9F
F–
fluoride ion
Draw the following into your notes opposite page 64
Formation of Ions from Elements
Cation, X+ , Formation Oxidation (OIL) oxidation is loss of electrons
Anion, X– , Formation Reduction (RIG) reduction is gain of electrons
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Re-Draw the following into your notes opposite page 64
nonmetals bond to hydrogen to achieve noble gas e- configuration
of the noble gas in their period (row)
Achieving an OCTET valence
1H
(eight electrons in the outer
H
10Ne
•
most atom shell)
Addition of hydrogen’s
one electron in 1s1 H
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H • 6C
H • 7N
H • 8O
5B
•H
9F
•H
•H
•H
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H
H
CH4
NH3
H2O
HF
methane gas ammonia gas
water
hydrogen
fluoride
molecules of nonmetals hydrides
Circle nonbonding
pairs of electrons
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Supplemental packet page 64
+ , Cl –). These forces are referred
Ioni c compounds are held tog ether by str ong electrical forces between oppositely char ged ions (e.g ., Na
to as ionic bonds . Typicall y, ionic compounds (
ionic salts
) have relative hig h melting poi nts ( mp NaCl = 801 °C).and exi st
physical ly as solids at room temper ature. It takes a lot of energ y to br eak an
ioni c bond. Can you g ive additional examples of i onic
compounds?
Mol ecul ar compounds . Two or more atoms may combi ne with one another to for m an uncharg ed mol ecul e. The atoms involved ar e
unusuall y those of nonmetalli c elements. Wi thi n the mol ecule, atoms are hel d to one another by strong for ces called
diatomic molecul es - there are
room temper ature are vari able.
sev en diatomic
molecules
cov alent bonds
that behave as di screte units. The physical states for these molecules at
H H gas
N N
O O
gas
gas
F gas
F
Cl Cl gas
Br Br liquid
I solid
I
mol ecules wi th multiple bonding patterns
H
molecules of nonmetals hydrides
H C
H
H
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N
H
H
H
H
H
Si H
H
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P
H
H
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H
H
O
H
H
H
H
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S
H
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F
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Cl
Summar y
What is the favorite charge of these elements as ions? Indicate charge. Is there a relationship
between the type of element that likes to have positive charge? a negative charge?
Li
Be
B
C
N
O
F
ion charge:
1+ 2+ 3+ 4- 3- 2- 1-
How many atoms will each element bond to in order to be stable?
of bonds that each element will make.
Li
number of bonds:
Be
B
C
N
O
Indicate the number
F
1 2 3 4 3 2 1
Is there a relationship between ion charge and the number of bonds an element will make?
If so, describe the relationship.
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Supplemental packet page 64
H
•• N
N
gas
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To these molecules,
Add missing
nonbonding pair of electrons
• O• •O•
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gas
•••F•
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•••Cl•
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•••Br•
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•••I•
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H
gas
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F gas
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Cl
gas
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•Br• •
liquid
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solid
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Favorite bonding modes for
C, N,O, halogen, H
C
N
O
F
H
•Know the preferred total number
of bonds to these elements
4 3 211
•N O , nitrogen and oxygen may
have variable number of bonds
(2) (1)
(4) (3)
Supplemental packet page 68
valence shell electron
pair repulsion
VSEPR = ________ ________ ________ ________ ________
Deter mi ne the angl es between bonds, name the g eometry about the central atom and g ive the its hybridizati on.
IdealIdebonding
for carbon = Four bonds to carbon - Four bonding modes
al Ge om e tr ie s
bond angles
g eometr ic name
H
109.5
109.5
H C H
H
H
120C
C
120
120
H 120 H
109.5 H109.5
tetrahedral
180
H
trigonal planar
C
C H
linear
O
180
C O
linear
Ideal bonding angles for carbon
Non-Ide al Ge om e tr ie s
:
:
:
bond ang les
g eometr ic name
H
N
H
107.5 H107.5
pyramidal or
trigonal pyramid
N
H
q<120
bent
H
:
O
H
104.5
H
g eometr ic name
bent
O
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N
N
H
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bond ang les
:
N
C
H
Bond angles are less than ideal angle
Electron pair occupies a lot of space &
is held close to nucleus of central atom
Structure and Bonding
Go to the powerpoint
Rules for Drawing Lewis Dot Structures