Latin America after WWII - University High World History
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Transcript Latin America after WWII - University High World History
Latin America: Revolution and
Reaction into the 21st Century
World Civilizations 4th ed.
Chapter 33
1914 to Present
Latin America After World War II
End of World War II saw stronger
economies
Cold War inspires Marxist
revolutionary agitation
Despite Coup, Peronism remains
popular
Mexico and the PRI
Stability of PRI undercut by corruption
and lack of social improvement
In 1995, Zapatista guerilla movement
Government negotiates NAFTA
Vicente Fox of the PAN party is
elected - promises to end corruption
and improve working conditions
Vicente Fox
Zapatistas
Radical Options in the 1950s
Radical unrest in several smaller
countries
Mexico - increasingly conservative
Venezuela and Costa Rica - reform
minded democrats in open elections
New post World War II revolutionaries
look to Marxism as a guide
Government interest in order, not
reform
Radical Options in the 1950s
Cold War ideological battle between
Soviet Bloc and the West makes
Socialist path dangerous
Failures of political democratization,
economic development, and social
reform throughout Latin America
Economy based solely on export
crops
Guatemala: Reform and United
States Intervention
Middle-class/labor elected Arevalo
starts “spiritual socialism”. Fights
foreign interests (UFC)
United States fears communist
takeover, organizes military takeover
of Guatemala
U.S.-friendly government reverses
change
The Cuban Revolution: Socialism in
the Caribbean
Cuba has large middle class, high
literacy and health care levels
Batista’s reforms marred by corruption
Castro meets Ernesto “Che” Guevera,
gathers military forces, gains strength
“26th July Movement” gains support
U.S. hostility, Soviet Union support,
missile crisis, economic change fails
Fidel Castro
Ernesto “Che” Guevera
The Search for Reform and the
Military Option
Programs based in Catholic, Marxist,
and capitalist doctrines seek solutions
Liberation theology combines Catholic
theology and socialist principles to
seek social justice
Stress social equality as a form of
personal salvation
Changing stance of church in Latin
America provokes violence
Out of the Barracks: Soldiers Take
Power
Success of Cuban Revolution worried
opponents of communist revolutionary
change
Military forces had been involved in
politics since caudillos in 19th century
Professionalized military began to see
themselves as above selfish interests
of political parties
Out of the Barracks: Soldiers Take
Power
Military establishments intervene
directly in politics, fearing leftist shift
1964 - Brazilian military (with U.S.
support) overthrows elected president
who promised sweeping reforms
1973 - Chilean military overthrows
Allende’s socialist government
Soldiers in power establish economic
stability; place nationalist interest first
Out of the Barracks: Soldiers Take
Power
Policies formulated and applied by
military styled bureaucracy
Goal of government was
development; burden falls heaviest on
working class
Industrialization increased, social
situations stagnant
Peruvian reform policies successful
The New Democratic Trends
By the mid-1980s, government was
returning to civilian politicians
Reduced threat of Cuban style
communism
End of Cold War ends U.S. support
for repressive anticommunist regimes
Shining Path, a leftist guerilla
movement, interrupted Peruvian
elections
The New Democratic Trends
A return of electoral democracy
becomes widespread in Latin America
U.S. reaffirms its power in the region
with capture of Noriega
Large foreign loans for development
created huge debt, which caused
inflation
Drug trade creates powerful cartels
Manuel Noriega
The United States and Latin
America: Continuing Presence
After World War I, U.S. was
predominant power in the hemisphere
Economies of Latin American
countries closely tied to the United
States
Banana Republics - friendly
dictatorships
Foreign interventions lead to growing
nationalist reactions
The United States and Latin
America: Continuing Presence
Roosevelt introduces the Good
Neighbor policy, promised to deal
fairly
Cold War leads to changing U.S.
strategy for Latin America
United States stemmed socialist
spread by supporting democratic or
anticommunist governments.
The United States and Latin
America: Continuing Presence
Alliance for Progress aimed to
develop regions economically
1970-80’s: pragmatic U.S. policy
U.S. agreed to cede the Panama
Canal to Panama
Societies in Search of Change
Social relations changed slowly,
women granted more rights
Politicians and artists tried to identify
and confront persistent problems
Social, racial, and gender relations
changed slowly
Indians still looked down upon, but
they are a recognized part of the Latin
American culture
Slow Change in Women’s
Roles
Most Latin American women gained
suffrage in the 1940’s and 50’s
Latin American nations also feel the
pressure of feminist organizations, as
well as the international community
Greater equality for women by 1990s.
The Movement of People
High fertility and low mortality rates in
the latter half of the century caused a
population boom in Latin America
Major trend was immigration to Latin
Urban migration plays a large role
Huge urban centers in Mexico City,
Sao Paulo, and Buenos Aires
The Movement of People
Lack of jobs for the new onslaught of
urbanization, shantytowns for housing
Horrible living conditions in favelas
Percentage of urban population is
greatest of developing countries
Mexico City
Cultural Reflections of Despair and
Hope
Latin America remains amalgamation
of cultures and peoples
Catholicism is still dominant
Struggle for social justice, economic
security, and successful political
formulas is an inspiration for artistic
creativity
Global Connections: Struggling
Toward the Future in a Global
Economy
Latin America still searches and
struggles for economic growth, social
justice, and political stability
The world economy has allowed Latin
America to grow economically