Pasteurelosis

The disease due to Pasteurella sp

By Suryanie Sarudji, Drh., MKes

Pasteurella sp. that cause the diseases are : • Pasteurella multocyda type A • Pasteurella multocyda type B • Pasteurella haemolytica

• Pasteurella multocyda type A cause the disease of Fowl Cholera in chicken (poultry) • Pasteurella multocyda type B cause Septicemia epizootica or Hemorrhagic septicemia in ruminant • Pasteurella haemolytica cause Pneumonia Pasteurellosis in Cattle

Fowl Cholera

• Synonyms : Avian Cholera; Avian Pasteurellosis; Avian Hemorrhagic septicemia; Kolera Unggas (INA) • PREDISPOSITION sporadic; Closely related with stress factor caused by change of weather, instability (fluctuation) of temp, humidity, move to new cage, debeaking (cut beak), alteration of food suddenly

Stress is also caused by exhaustion, over crowding, transport in long time with lack of drink, opened cage which wind continuously blow over the cage = coldness /be caught in the rain, infection from influenza or para influenza 3

• Transmission - Oral - Inhalation : • - Attack many kinds of poultry as like as : Fowl, Turkey, Duck, Goose, wild bird, water fowl. Turkey are more sensitive than each others. • Transmission occur through

Transmission : Indirect contact: Through food/drink, tools/materials which were contaminated by the agents, animals transmitted and wind Direct Contact Through discharges and feces

Type and Symptom of disease : The type of disease are per acute, acute, sub acute and Chronic Attack the chickens of 4 months more Per acute : Suddenly dead with no signs. The death occurred gradually 1- 2 animals daily (depend on the amount of animals in flock)

Acute : signed by swollen at the lowest part of trachea – at area of larynx and pharynx and wattle, diarrhea with green feces mixed with mucus, discharges from beak, straight up the neck when breathed, snore, conjunctivitis, paralyzed.

A few hours before animal death, comb and skin at the face and also wattle become purple to bluish.

Chronis : Swollen and abscess of 1 or both wattles, swollen at joint of foot, wings and foot sole. Disturbance in coordination at head as like as torticolis in ND but the head fall down.

Post mortem: Hemorrhagic in form of petichae, ekimose at visceral organs, mainly : heart, liver, lungs, peritoneum, mucosa of ventriculus & proventriculus Liver become enlargement , the color of liver is pale, multi focal necrosis are found at the surface of liver.

At the liver are also found the stripes with yellow and pale in color, occasionally are found many spots of hemorrhagic and the necrosis with color of gray and yellow.

Colonization bacteria in ear can elicit inflammation and exudates. The inflammation develop and reach to brain .

Petechiae in the heart of goose

(pasteurellosis, erysipelas, asphyxia)

Necrotic foci in the liver goose

(pasteurellosis, erysipelas)

Green feces in Fowl Cholera, nonspecific sign. Many disease in fowl reveal defecating with green feces

Hemorrhagic and pericarditis in heart; enlargement and perihepatitis of liver and foci necrosis are found in liver; congestion , necrotic and hemorrhagic in lung; irregular follicle ; exudates casious in bursa

Diagnosis : - Clinic symptom - Post mortem - Lab : Bacteriologic : Isolate bacteria from : lungs, blood, heart, lever, ear swab, discharges from mouth and nose Media : TSA, BA: small colonies, non hemolytic, translucent Microscope : Rod, coccoid bipolar, Gr –

Biochemist : TSIA: acid/acid, gas H2S – Indole +, urease Treatment: Therapy : antibiotics Prevention : Avoid dogs, cats, goats to be/ to stay in area of breeding. Chase the wild bird from the area Vaccinate animals at age of 13 weeks (less effective)

Pneumonia Pasteurellosis in Cattle • Usually occur in growing up Cattle especially at age of 6 months to 2 years old, but the adult and young cattle can suffer from disease • Morbidity 35 %, Mortality 5-10%, a part of population are dead without signs • Occur when animals suffer from stress. Usually occur after 10 -14 days in stress due to transportation • Unusual occur in cow raised for its milk • Transmission through inhalation from droplet • The early symptom is a part of population dead suddenly and than followed by out break come immediately.

• The first sign is slight cough, and then develop to heavy and frequent especially when animal want to walk • In few day abdomen become empty due to anorexia • Mucopurulent discharges excrete from nose • Anorexia but always continuously want to drink • Temp among 40 – 41 o C

SEPTICEMIA EPIZOOTICA (SE) • : (Ngorok, Septicemia Hemorrhagic, Barbone) Contagious : goat buffalo cattle swine sheep • Morbidity, Mortality : High • Edema • Last stadium : snore (in the nigh) • ETIOLOGY • Pasteurella multocida B : • Gram -, Bipolar, Coccobacillus, encapsulate

EPIZOOTIOLOGY Wide distributed in Indonesia TRANSMISSION : Direct contact Oral : saliva, urine and feces

• COMMENCIAL NASOPHARYNX c ondition • Get sick, transmit Tissue bacteria: (hyaluronic acid) • Tracheatis, Trachea, lung (pneumonia) • Pleura filled Pharynx intestine by fluid Larynx hemorrhagic diarrhea

Intestine Diarrhea blood vessel damage endothelial Dehydration Odem Plasma out Viscosity Tachycardia Shock dead Bacteria lysis Endotoksin Thermal Regulator Temp

OEDEM: DEPRESS IPIGLOTIS SNORE • CLINICAL FINDINGS • Edema, Hemorrhagic diarrhea, Snore, Shock • There are 3 forms: Edema, Pectoral, Intestinal • Edema : Head, Trachea, neck, glambir, extremities anterior, anus, genitals rapidly dead (90%)(3 day-1 week),before dead snore, shivered, groan.

• Pectoral : Bronchopneumonia, pain in breath. The breathing are gasped, frequent, deep. Slime from nose rise in 1 - 3 weeks. Develop to chronic : the animals be come thin and caught

• Pectoral : Bronchopneumonia, pain in breath. The breathing are gasped, frequent, deep. Slime from nose rise in 1 - 3 weeks. Develop to chronic : the animals be come thin and caught • Intestinal : severe diarrhea with hemorrhagic, dehydration, frequent in breath and then shock

POST MORTEM • OEDEMA : Gelatin Edema , Bleeding in sub cutan at neck, head, underneath of chest, abdomen, pharynx, epiglottis. Tongue are Enlargement with red to brown or blue in colour Stomach cavity: filled by yellow or red fluid. Hemorrhagic inflammation found in abomasum and intestine

Pectoral : fibrin inflammation, and a part of lung are red to grey or yellow in color, when it is sliced will be found a part of striped, necrotic and normal Intestinal : Gastroenteritis catarrhal to hemorrhagic

• DIAGNOSIS: • Clinic : Snore, Edema, hemorrhagic diarrhea • Phatologic : Post mortem • Bacteriologic : 1. Swab from Edema and from blood in heart 2. Pippete pasteur that contain fluid of edema and or blood from heart.

Examine: a. Microskopic b. Isolation and Identification c. Biologic test

Ttreatments • Therapy • Prevention • Administration

1. THERAPY

• Serotherapy with antiserum homolog intra vena. It’d better if antiserums are combined with antibiotics or chemotherapy • Antibiotics or chemotherapy only

2. PREVENTION

• Free zone, closely control in and out of animals. In suspected zone, Healthy animals are vaccinated with oil adjuvant at less once a year. Vaccination is carried out when incident not occurred • Suspected animals – Inject with antiserum with dose of prevented – Inject with antibiotic – Inject with Chemotherapy – Inject simultaneously antiserum and antibiotic or antiserum and chemotherapy = Healthy animals are vaccinated

3. ADMINISTRATIVE

• Report to Livestock service about incident of disease and the treatments have been done. • Consider to propose to the head of district to close their territory from the traffic of animals • Confirm diagnosis with bacteriologic test a t legal lab.