Transcript Section 11,Adverse Conditions

America’s Boating Course
3rd Edition
Adverse Conditions
and
Emergencies
Chapter 3
Section 11
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In An Emergency …
Wear your PFD
Have crew wear PFDs
Have guests wear PFDs
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Man Overboard Prevention
Use tether or jackline
Stay in cockpit or cabin
Watch crew & passengers
Account for all
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Man Overboard
Recovery Procedures:
Shout ‘man overboard’
Throw floatation
Assign ‘watcher’
Circle back – approach into wind
Turn engine off – in gear
Consider ‘Lifesling’ to assist
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Fire
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Fire Prevention
Actions:
•Proper fuel handling
•Bilge inspection
•Check fuel system
•Inspect wiring
Safety:
•Use only marine parts
•Cook in stable conditions
•Caution in storing charcoal
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Responding to Fire
Actions:
•First priority – people
•Get people upwind of fire
•Issue distress call
•Turn off fuel & power
More Actions:
•Evacuate boat if necessary
•Locate source of fire
•Access fire extinguishers
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Swamp or Capsize
Swamp – boat fills with water
Capsize – boat overturns
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Swamp or Capsize
Stay with the boat
Don’t swim for shore
In a river, float feet-first,
downstream
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Cold Water Immersion
Can kill before hypothermia
Gasp reflex when water under 50° F
Can cause cardiac arrest
Reduce hazard by:
• Attempt to block gasp reflex
• Type I or II PFD & automatic
inflation
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Hypothermia
Abnormal lowering of internal body
temperature by cold air or water
Symptoms
• Shivering, numbness, apathy
• Weakness, unconsciousness
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Hypothermia
Timing depends on water temperature
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Delay Hypothermia
Retain heat
Use PFD – remain inactive
H.E.L.P. position
Group huddle
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Hypothermia Care
Seek medical attention
Use CPR as necessary
Move to warm place
Warm victim slowly – not rapidly
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Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
Gas produced by burning fuels
Blocks oxygen in bloodstream
Symptoms
• Nausea, weakness
• Watering eyes, ears ring, red skin
• Light-headedness, headache
• Drowsiness, unconsciousness
• Death
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Carbon Monoxide Risk
Near exhaust – death in minutes
On swim platform – unconscious in minutes
Possible station wagon effect in cockpit
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Preventing Carbon Monoxide
Need free flow of air
thru boat
Keep clear of engine exhaust
Care running engines when stopped
Keep swimmers away from engines
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Preventing Carbon Monoxide
Don’t tow close to boat
• No “teak surfing”
Check exhaust systems for leaks
Beware other boats’ exhaust
Use CO alarms
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Carbon Monoxide Nearby
Pets are also susceptible to CO poisoning
•Caution for nearby boats running engines or
generator
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Carbon Monoxide Treatment
Victim must breathe fresh air
If breathing stopped – CPR
Get medical
attention
Watch for relapse
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Medical Emergencies
Take first aid & CPR classes
Keep good First Aid manual on board
Maintain first aid kit on board
Heat stress can cause injury
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Medical Emergencies
First aid kit – well stocked
• Dehydration
• Minor Injuries
• Heart attack
• Hypothermia
• Cardiac arrest
• Carbon monoxide
• Drowning
• Broken bones
• Heat Illness
• Cuts & gashes
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Medical Emergencies
May Need Help If …
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Medical Emergencies
May Need Help If …
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Preventing Collision
Follow navigation rules
Take every action to prevent collision
Anticipate & avoid bad weather
Seek shelter in unfavorable conditions
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Reacting to Collision
Actions:
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Check for missing or injuries – both boats
Get PFDs on everyone
Check for fire
Radio for assistance
Don’t pull boats apart
Stay with the boat
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Preventing Grounding
Learn to use charts
Use a depth sounder
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Reacting to Grounding
Actions:
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Get PFDs on everyone
Check for hull damage
If hung-up, do not move boat
If hull intact, shift weight to free
Sailboats – heel boat
Use dinghy to drop anchor, pull free
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Running Out of Fuel
Low fuel – reduce speed
No fuel – anchor out
of channel
1/3 Out
1/3
Reserve
1/3
Return
Call for assistance
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Towing
Towing can be
dangerous
Call for assistance, if
necessary
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Towing
Procedures:
• Strong tow lines
•Proper cleats
•Tow line danger
•Adjust length of line
•Slow & steady
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Restricted Visibility
Check weather forecast
Update weather from NOAA
on VHF
Observe clouds & squall
lines
Monitor temperature &
humidity changes
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Restricted Visibility
Reduce speed
Wear PFDs
Post lookout
Turn on navigation lights
Use sound signals
Listen … Listen … Listen
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Severe Weather
Check weather forecast
Update weather on VHF
Watch dark clouds & squall
lines
Monitor temperature &
humidity changes
Watch for strong winds
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Severe Weather
Wear PFDs
Close hatches
Dress properly
Seek shelter, if required
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Avoiding Heavy Seas
Check weather forecast
Anticipate – seek shelter
Avoid breaking waves
(maybe deeper water)
Beware of opposing wind
& current
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Crossing Large Waves
Cross at angle – not head-on
Angle should maintain steerage
Avoid traveling parallel to waves
Control speed on up & down slope
Same procedures for large wake
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Running Before Waves
Risk of pitch-pole
Set speed to stay on back side of wave
Watch wave
heights before
going over wave
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Running Parallel to Waves
Risk of broaching
Reverse direction
between crests
Never run parallel to
waves in an inlet
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39 LAST
End Section 11
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END