Transcript SPATIAL DISORIENTATION - Aviation Human Factors

TAMPA, FLORIDA
Flight Standards District Office
(813) 639-1540
HOURS: 8:00 - 4:30 Weekdays
(except Federal holidays)
Charles V. Nolan Manager
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SPATIAL
DISORIENTATION
Buz Massengale
Safety Program Manager
Tampa, FL FSDO
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THREE SENSORY SYSTEMS
 VISION
 VESTIBULAR SYSTEM
 SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
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LEARNING TO FLY
• USE BASIC ORIENTATION
• USE ALL AVAILABLE SENSES
• OUTSIDE REFERENCES
• INSTRUMENT REFERENCES
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VISION
• 90% of orientation
• Most reliable sense
• Instrument/visual flight elements
– SCAN!!!
– Interpretation
– Aircraft control
• Even reliable vision can be fooled
• “Optical illusions”
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CAN YOU READ THIS?
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WHICH LINE IS LONGER?
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DO YOU SEE THE GRAY?
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WHAT DO YOU SEE?
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WHAT DO YOU SEE?
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HOW OLD IS SHE?
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THE DANCING ELEPHANT
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AVIATION-RELATED
VISUAL ILLUSIONS
* Featureless terrain
* False horizons
* Ground lighting
* Autokinesis
* Runway width illusion
* Runway slope illusion
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AVIATION-RELATED
VISUAL ILLUSIONS
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Terrain elevation
Atmospheric illusions
Rotorwash drift (helicopters)
Waterfall (helicopters)
Brown/Whiteout (helicopters)
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VESTIBULAR APPARATUS
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Second method of position determination
Supports vision
Very strong in absence of vision
Detect angular accelerations (turns)
Detect linear acceleration & gravity
Two systems, located in middle ear
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SEMICIRCULAR CANALS
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OTOLITH ORGANS
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SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM
• “Seat of the Pants”
• Aids vision and vestibular systems
• Tactile pressure receptors
• Binaural hearing
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TAKE
A
BREAK
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SPATIAL DISORIENTATION
* Humans not flight adapted
* Vestibular/somatosensory backs up vision
* Disorientation
• Inability to determine position
• Confusion about position
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FOOLING OUR SENSES
* Sickness
* Drunk
* Unfamiliar environment
* Simulators
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SENSORY ILLUSIONS
* Sub-threshold acceleration
* Straight & Level
* The “Leans”
* Coriolis Illusion
* Somatogravic Illusion
* Elevator Illusion
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SURVIVING
SPATIAL DISORIENTATION
 RELY ON VISION
 PRACTICE INSTRUMENT FLIGHT
 OUTSIDE REFERENCE IF POSSIBLE
 INSTRUMENTS IF NECESSARY
 SCAN
 INTERPRET
 CONTROL
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QUESTIONS?
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Thanks for coming...
• Fly Safely
• Drive Safely
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TAMPA FSDO HOME PAGE
WWW.FAA.GOV/FSDO/TPA
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