Make a 3-tab foldable like the one below…

Participles

Label your tabs:

Gerunds Infinitives

Participles

• A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective.

Present Participles

• Present participles consist of the plain form of the verb plus –

ing

.

– The pouring rain drove us inside.

– Watching the clock, the coach became worried.

Present Participles

• Although participles are formed from verbs, they are not used to stand alone as verbs; however, they may be used with a helping verb to from a verb phrase.

– The rain was pouring .

– The coach had been watching the clock.

Past Participles

• Past participles usually consist of the plain form of the verb plus –

d

or –

ed

. Others are irregularly formed.

– A peeled and sliced to a salad.

cucumber can be added – The speaker, known for her eloquence, drew applause from the audience.

Past Participles

• A past participle can also be part of a verb phrase. When it is used in a verb phrase, it is part of the verb, not an adjective.

– She was told that tickets were available.

– She has corrected her homework.

Practice

1. The prancing horses were loudly applauded by the delighted audience.

2. The colorful flags, waving in the breeze, brightened the gloomy day.

3. Swaggering and boasting, he made the entire team extremely angry.

4. The game scheduled for tonight has been postponed due to rain.

Check Your Answers

1. The prancing horses were loudly applauded by the delighted audience.

2. The colorful flags, waving in the breeze, brightened the gloomy day.

3. Swaggering and boasting , he made the entire team extremely angry.

4. The game scheduled for tonight has been postponed due to rain.

Gerund

• A gerund is a verb form ending in –

ing

is used as a noun.

that

Gerunds

• Singing – subject is fun.

• Their favorite exercise is running .

– Predicate nominative • Shelly likes swimming.

– Direct object • Get special shoes for jogging.

– Object of preposition ***Note: Gerunds could be replaced with IT ***

Be careful with gerunds!

• Just because it has an –

ing

it’s a gerund: doesn’t mean – Accepting the coach’s advice, she was planning to go on with her training.

– Accepting the coach’s advice, she was planning to go on with her training .

–

Accepting

is a present participle.

–

Planning planning

.

is part of the verb phrase

was

–

Training

is a gerund.

Practice

1. Her laughing attracted my attention.

2. By studying, you can improve your grades.

3. One requirement is boating.

Answers

1. Her laughing attracted my attention.

2. By studying , you can improve your grades.

3. One requirement is boating .

Infinitives

• An infinitive is a verb form, usually preceded by

to

, that can be used as a noun, adjective, or adverb.

Infinitives

• To love is to care.

– noun • That was a record to beat.

– adjective • Ready to go, we loaded the car.

– adverb • Sabina Miller jumped to shoot.

– adverb

Infinitives vs Prepositions

• To + verb – To run – To read – To talk • To + noun – To school – To him – To the beach

Practice

1.

Barbara’s ambition is to fly.

2. The road to take is the one on the left.

3. Fred has learned to dance.

4. I am happy to oblige.

5. An easy way to win at tennis does not exist.

Answer

1.

Barbara’s ambition is to fly .

2. The road to take is the one on the left.

3. Fred has learned to dance .

4. I am happy to oblige .

5. An easy way to win at tennis does not exist.