• • • • • •

Islamic Civilization, Day 1

Warm-up Map Notes on the origin and beliefs of Islam (through Five Pillars) Begin graphic organizer and terms SOL Review: Prehistory ( Break out groups)

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At-risk: Power point review questions. (Do on paper-go over and correct) and then gp. poster if time?

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Stronger students might be able to review both prehistory and river valley civs today-do writing assignment based on graphic organizer tomorrow.

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Other options: writing assignment or make a crossword/test/wordsearch , game, pamphlet, poster, movie, etc. using notes- stronger students will not need much review on material we just reviewed for midterm. Have to be careful about having fun activities for some and not others

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Should we run-off booklets of powerpoints for at-risk?

The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A .

D . ( C .

E .) by describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam on a graphic organizer and terms list.

Islamic Civilization, Day 2

1. Warm Up 2. Notes on the spread of Islam and Historical Turning points 3. Work on Graphic Organizer/Terms/ Review

•

4. SOL review: River Valley Civilizations (include maps from SOL map packet-maybe we can get the interactive board fixed?) Stronger students could do a writing assignment based on the graphic organizer The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A .

D . ( C .

E .) by identifying historical turning points that affected the spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a division and the Battle of Tours on a graphic organizer and terms list.

Islamic Civilization, Day 3

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Warm-up Finish Notes Finish Packets Those who finish- work on posters, etc.

I won’t be in class second half of third (IEP) or fourth (SOL Blast)

Islamic Civilization, Day 4

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Warm-up Test Begin Africa Meetings all day for me

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9.

Warm-up 1 The belief in one God is called monotheism or polytheism ?

While most early civilizations were polytheistic, the Hebrews or Egyptians were monotheistic.

The monotheism of Abraham or Gautama became the foundation for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

The Holy Book of Judaism is the Torah or Vedas ?

While Christianity, Judaism, and Islam share many of the same beliefs, only Christians believe that Moses or Jesus is the son of God.

Who stopped the Muslims from advancing into Europe at the Battle of Tours? Angles or Franks ? The Crusades were fought over control of Rome or Jerusalem ?

The Crusades increased trade or power of the Pope?

Muslims conquered this area in the 700s. Ferdinand and Isabella reconquered it in 1492 France or Spain?

Warm-up, Day 2

1. Islam began on which Peninsula?

2. Who was the founder and prophet of Islam? 3. What is the Holy Book of Islam?

4. One belief that Judaism, Christianity and Islam share is the belief in

One God or Five Pillars

5. Muslims fast between sunrise and sunset during which holy month?

6. Muslims try to make a pilgrimage to which city?

7. The capital of the Muslim Empire was moved first to Damascus and later to -?

Warm-up, Day 3

1. Baghdad 2. Damascus and Jerusalem 3. Mecca and Medina 4. Constantinople 5. Capital of the Islamic Empire that was conquered by the Mongols 4 1 2

6. What was one impact of this event?

A. Muslim pilgrims no longer traveled to Medina.

B. A permanent split occurred within the religion.

C. Muslim teachers no longer made the Hajj.

7. At which number would the shrine on the left be located on the map?

4 2 1 3

8. Which city is important to Judaism, Christianity, and Islam?

A. Rome B. Constantinople C. Mecca D. Jerusalem

9. At which number would the shrine on the left be located on the map?

4 2 1 3

10. In the Muslim Empire, which language helped trade and stimulated intellectual activity?

A. Latin B. Greek C. Persian D. Arabic

11. What best completes the title of this map?

1.

the Plague 2. Islam 3. Byzantines

The Muslim World

Origins of Islam

•

Arabian

Peninsula (present-day

Saudi Arabia

) • The cities of

Mecca

and

Medina

• Based on the monotheism of

Abraham.

Muhammad

•

Muhammad

is the

founder

of

Islam

. He is known as “The last and greatest

Prophet

” • He had a

vision

that there was only

one God

, “

Allah

”.

• At first, Muhammad spread his monotheistic message in

Mecca birthplace

and

holiest

(the city of Islam).

• He was driven from Mecca and fled to the

city

of

Medina.

• In Medina, he became a religious, political and military

leader

.

Kaaba

• After 10 years, he returned to Mecca and destroyed the idols at the

Kaaba (

Muslims believe that this

shrine

was

built

by the prophet

Abraham).

Muhammad

Beliefs of Islam

• • • One

God

: “

Allah

”

Quran

(

holy book

) • Judeo-Christian

prophets

: Abraham,

Moses

and

Jesus Five pillars

Quran

Five Pillars of Islam

• • •

Declaration

of

Faith

: There is only

O ne

God and

Muhammad

is his

messenger

• • Daily

P rayer

(5 times a day – facing Mecca)

A lms

to the poor (charity)

F P asting

during the holy month of

ilgrimage

(holy journey) to

Kaaba

(Hajj) •

FAPPO

Ramadan Mecca

to visit the

The Five Pillars

Daily Prayer

• five times a day- facing Mecca

Alms for the Poor

• Charity

Fasting

• During the month of Ramadan no food or drink is taken from sunrise to sunset.

Hajj

• Pilgrimage to Mecca (if able) at least once during a person’s lifetime.

The Hajj

The Muslim Empire

• At first, Islam spread along

trade routes

from Mecca and Medina • Muslims believed they had a duty to spread their religion and began to

build

a

Muslim Empire

.

• Under the first four Caliphs (leaders), Muslims were able to take over the

Fertile

Crescent,

Iran

and

Egypt

, including the cities of

Jerusalem

and

Damascus

.

• This was due in part to the

weakness Byzantine

and

Persian

Empires of the

• Finally it spread into Central

Asia

, across Northern

Africa

and into

Spain

(Green areas) • The Muslim empire

grew

quickly despite great distances, deserts, and mountain

barriers

.

Early History of Islam

Damascus

• After the murder of the fourth caliph,

Ali

, the Umayadd dynasty took power and moved the

capital

of the Muslim Empire to

Damascus

(in

Syria

).

Baghdad

• The next dynasty, the Abassids, moved the

capital

to

Baghdad

(Iraq) due to its location on the

Tigris

and Euphrates Rivers.

• This

location

provided access to key

trade

routes which gave the caliph access to trade

goods

, gold, and

information

about the Empire.

• The Muslim Empire did not stay

politically

united

.

• The

empire

began to

split

up into

independent

Muslim states (

caliphates

); but Muslims remained

unified

by a common

religion

,

language

, and trade .

• In the

High Middle Ages

Islam spread into

West Africa

,

Central

and

Southeast

Asia.

• Today Islam is the dominant religion in the

Middle East,

North Africa, and Indonesia

Spread of Islam

Sunni – Shi’a Division

• After the death of

Ali

(661 CE), the Islamic religion

split

due to a

disagreement

over

succession

(choosing the next

caliph

).

• • The

Shi’a

believe the

caliph

should be a

relative

of

Ali

(–the 4 th Caliph).

Shi’a

Islam is the state religion of present-day

Iran

and the majority religion in

Iraq

and

Lebanon

.

Sunni Muslims

• The

Sunni

believed that the leader could be related to

any

of the

first four

caliphs.

• The vast

majority

of Muslims belong to the Sunni sect.

Major Sects of Islam

Other Historical Turning Points

• 732 CE: The the

Franks

stopped the

Muslims

from advancing from Spain

into France

at the Battle of

Tours

• 1187 CE:

Saladin

, a Muslim ruler,

retook Jerusalem

and

Damascus

from Christian

Crusaders.

• 1258 CE:

Mongols captured

and destroyed the city of

Baghdad

• 1453 CE

: Constantinople

fell to the Ottoman

Turks

(Muslims ), ending the Byzantine Empire. Constantinople (Istanbul) became capital of the Ottoman Empire

• 1492 CE: Ferdinand and Isabella

expelled

the Muslim

Moors

from

Spain

Ottoman Empire

Achievements

•

Architecture: mosques

(houses of worship) – The

Dome

of the

Rock

was built on a site in

Jerusalem

holy to Muslims and

Jews.

•

Mosaics:

used

geometric

designs because they were not permitted to picture holy beings

•

Arabic alphabet

: This

language

spread with Islam facilitating

trade

– Ancient Greek and Roman

texts

were

translated

into Arabic at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad.

•

Arabic numerals:

adapted from

India

- included zero )

•

Universities:

Centers of

learning

for

Christian

Europeans as well as

Muslims

during the Middle Ages • Al Azhar university mosque, Cairo

•

Algebra:

(al Jabr) invented by Al Khwarizmi

•

Medicine:

Far more advanced than in

Europe.

– First true

hospitals.

al Razi

•

Geographic

knowledge: Arab traders crossed the

Indian Ocean

in ships with

lateen sails.

• By the tenth century, this technology reached Europe from the Middle East.

Slavery

•

Slavery

was common, but

not

based on

race.

Islamic Culture

2. Which empire was best known for libraries that preserved ancient Greek and Roman knowledge?

A. Mongol B. Gupta C. Chinese D. Byzantine

10. Which religion contributed to the unification of Russia?

A. Islam B. Judaism C. Eastern Orthodox D. Roman Catholicism