Transcript Developing society: Norman kings and the House of
Developing society
Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
Performer - Culture & Literature
Marina Spiazzi, Marina Tavella, Margaret Layton © 2012
Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
1.
Norman kings
•
William I
(1066-1087) •
William II
(1087-1100), called ‘Rufus’ because of his red hair •
Henry I
(1100-1135), William Rufus ’ brother •
Stephen
(1135-1154), Henry ’s nephew and the last Norman king
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
2.
The House of Plantagenet
• • • • • • • •
Henry II
(1154-1189), Henry I ’s grandson
Richard I
(1189-1199), the Lion-Hearted, third son of Henry II
John
(1199-1216), the Lackland, fifth son of Henry II
Henry III
(1216-1272), John ’s son
Edward I
(1272-1307), Henry III ’s son
Edward II
(1307-1327), Edward I ’s son
Edward III
(1327-1377), Edward II ’s son
Richard II
(1377-1399), Edward III ’s grandson
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
3.
Henry II: Control of Barons
• He destroyed all castles that had been built illegally during Stephen ’s reign.
• He hired mercenaries.
Knights could pay a sum of money, the ‘scutage’ , instead of giving the king military service.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
4.
Henry II: the reform of justice
• • The king regained control of the justice system by creating travelling judges .
The law they administered was called
common law
The common law was used everywhere and based on local customs comparisons and previous cases.
It was different from the law administered in other parts of Europe , linked to the civil law of the Roman Empire and the canon law of the Church.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
5.
Henry II and the Church
In medieval times
the Church
was very important.
• The clergy wrote documents like receipts (showing you had paid your taxes) or contracts (when you sold your land).
• The most powerful churchman in England was the Archbishop of Canterbury .
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
5.
Henry II and the Church
• • • • Henry aimed at reducing the power of the Church.
He appointed his friend Thomas Becket as his Chancellor.
Once Archbishop of Canterbury, Becket became an opponent of the King , who claimed authority in investing the bishops.
The conflict between the King and Becket lasted for a long time until Becket was murdered by four knights sent by the King.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
5.
Henry II and the Church
• • Europe was shocked by the murder of Thomas Becket.
After his death, Becket was made a saint , and Canterbury Cathedral became a shrine for pilgrims to visit.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
6.
The Magna Carta
• Events leading to the Magna Carta:
King John became unpopular
because: he lost French territories ; he collected higher taxes to equal less income coming from the loss of a great mass of the French land.
• In
1215
the barons refused to pay the scutage; conspired to resist the King; occupied London; made King John sign an important document, the
Magna Carta
.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
6.
The Magna Carta
The Magna Carta: • • • • • promised freedoms to all people ; protected the rights of ordinary people ; gave England the basis of a legal system ; promised to have good and fair laws ; prevented any freeman from being punished without a proper trial .
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
7.
The birth of Parliament
From the earliest times, the kings of England had assembled nobles and other important subjects in the
witan
, or
council
, to advise them.
During the reign of Henry III assemblies summoned. They included: bishops; noblemen; knights of the shire; were two representatives from the towns.
The transition from the king ’s council to Parliament was gradual. In 1295 the meeting of the king ’s council was known as ‘The Model Parliament’ .
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
7.
The birth of Parliament
By the close of the 14 th century Parliament had assumed • • something of its modern form: it had been split into
the House of Lords and the House of Commons
; the Commons had acquired a crucial role in taxation and legislation.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
8.
The Black Death, 1347-1350
• The Black Death was one of the worst natural disasters in history.
• It was caused by fleas, blood-sucking parasites, living on rats which infested the ship trading with Europe.
Illustration of the Black Death from the
Toggenburg Bible
(1411) • The dead littered the streets everywhere.
• Cattle and livestock roamed the country unattended.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
8.
The Black Death, 1347-1350
The disease cycle Fleas drank rat blood that carried the bacteria Bacteria multiplied in flea gut.
Fleas bit human and regurgitated blood into human wound Human beings were infected Performer - Culture & Literature
Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
8.
The Black Death, 1347-1350
Consequences of the Black Death: •
High mortality rate
: one third of England ’s population died.
• Enormous
economic and social effects
: labour was scarce; wages rose; prices dropped; better living conditions of peasants left alive.
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
9.
The War of the Roses, 1450-1500
• • • Decline of the monarchy due to: expenses of the Hundred Years ’ War increasing power of the House of Commons civil war fought by the
two rival families Performer - Culture & Literature
the House of Lancaster the House of York
Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
9.
The Wars of the Roses, 1450-1500
Lancaster vs York The House of Lancaster
• Henry IV, Richard II ’s cousin, 1399-1413 • Henry V, 1413-1422 • Henry VI, 1422-1461
The House of York
• Edward IV, son of the Duke of York, 1461-1483 • Edward V, Edward IV ’s son, 1483 • Richard III, 1483 - 1485
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Developing society: Norman kings and the House of Plantagenet
9.
The Wars of the Roses, 1450-1500
• • • • • •
Main events of the war
Henry VI was weak and Lancastrians became unpopular.
In 1461 he was confined to the Tower by the son of the Duke of York, who seized the throne as Edward IV.
Edward V was murdered by his uncle Richard, Duke of Glouchester, who crowned himself as Richard III.
Richard III was killed by Henry, Earl of Richmond, at the battle of Bosworth in 1485.
Henry became Henry VII, the first king of the Tudor dynasty.
He married Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV.
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