• Islamic Quiz • Early Medieval

Tuesday

Tomorrow:

• Medieval Worksheet DUE!

• Unit 4 Test : Next Monday!

• Chapters : Early Christian, Byzantine, Islamic & Medieval.

Early Medieval Art

KEY CONCEPTS for the EARLY MEDIEVAL PERIOD DEVELOPMENT OF BOOKS The transition from the scroll to the bound book in this period was critical in the preservation and transmission of learning in Europe. Illuminated manuscripts are among the most important art objects created during the Early Middle Ages. Understand the process of bookmaking, copying, and illustrating that was developed during this period.

CHARLEMAGNE'S PROJECT Charlemagne's attempt to revive the arts and create a culture along the lines of ancient Rome is the historical background for the most important period of art in the Early Middle Ages. His accomplishments and their influence, especially Carolingian miniscule and monastery design, are key concepts INTERLACE Ribbon interlace and animal interlace were used as decoration on a variety of art objects from Sweden, Norway, and the British Isles. Themes of animal interlace to the presumed religious beliefs of the people that developed it.

Three Basic parts to Early Medieval Era: Fall of Western Empire (5 th Century): Anglo-Saxons (Warrior Lords) Migration Period Western Empire now broken up amongst the Goths, Angles, Saxons and Franks… Known for the ‘animal style’ that is prevalent in this period… Chi Rho Iota from the Book of Kells OTTONIAN Periods (950-1050): The Three German Ottos known for uniting the region under a common Christian Rule again.

The Anglo Saxons (warrior lords ) • Very few surviving work to tell us about the people of the time.

• Sm. Portable “status symbol” objects • Tradition of Kings/ Queens buried with rich belongings • Beowulf (8 th -11 th Century)

Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo ship burial (Suffolk, England), c. 625, gold, glass, and enamel cloisonné with garnets and emeralds

art of migratory people/ predatory subject matter/ interlaced pattern zoomorphic (abstract animal forms)

Two views of the Oseberg ship (Oslo) discovered beneath burial mound bodies and precious objects (many stolen)

Animal head post, from the Oseberg ship burial (Norway), c. 825, wood Vikings/ fusion of interlaced pattern and the animal form/ gruesome rituals of human sacrifice/mastery wood carving/ fusion of warrior lord expression with animal forms and interlace pattern

Hiberno- Saxon (Celts) & Illuminated Manuscripts

• Christianization of the Celts in 5 th century • Irish monastic establishments created.

• Produces many illuminated manuscripts – Primary vehicles in effort to Christianize – Spread word of God to illiterate population – Books seen as treasures – Handmade/ monks/ copied/ before printing press

Cross and carpet page from the

Lindisfarne Gospels

(Northumbria, England), c. 698 721, tempera on vellum early Medieval manuscript The Cross/ symmetry/ zoomorphic forms intermingling lines

use of serpents, dragons, and other fantastic animals

Carpet Page, Lindisfarne Gospels, ca 698-721.

HIBERNO-SAXON ART

Varied styles within the Book of Lindisfarne/ St. Matthew (apostle)/ sacred act of copying images/ flat line and color- no volume/ winged man symbol

Chi-rho-iota page from the Book of Kells (Iona, Scotland), late eighth or early ninth century use of abbreviations Initial letters of Christ in Greek/ chi (x) rho (p) iota (I)/ curves and ripples Biblical text into abstract pattern

inclusion of human and animal shapes

High Cross of Muiredach

(Monasterboice, County Louth, Ireland), 923 Celtic Cross (circle & cross) large mass and scale/ love of pattern/ wheel and the circle/ transom/ crucified and Christ risen on each side/ souls weighed on scales

CAROLINGIAN Period (768-814):

• Charlemagne crowned King of the Franks in 768 and Roman Emperor (r. 800-814) • Charlemagne came to be seen as the first Holy (that is, Christian) Roman Emperor.

• Cathedral of Aachen promoted the ‘three-part elevation’ to Churches… • Education to the people through art and illuminated manuscripts, like the Ebbo Gospels

Why do we call it Carolingian Art?

Coronated at Saint Peter’s basilica in Rome, built by Constantine, the first Roman emperor to embrace Christianity.

He gave his name (Carolus Magnus in Latin) to an entire era, the Carolingian period.

Equestrian portrait of Charlemagne (Metz, Germany), early ninth century

Carolingian Art

Equestrian/ parading, not in action/ imperial rob/ glove –symbol of world domination/ Revive Roman Empire

Saint Matthew folio from the Coronation

Gospel Book of

Charlemagne (Aachen, Germany), c. 800-810, ink and tempera on vellum Charlemagne/ Aachen/ reliance on classical prototypes for artistic inspiration/

Saint Matthew from the Ebbo Gospels (Hautvillers, near Reims, France), c. 816-835, ink and tempera on vellum classical calm replaced by a frenzy of energy classical illusionism merged with linear northern linear tradition

Saint Luke from the Ebbo Gospels (Hautvillers, near Reims, France), c. 816-835, ink and tempera on vellum

Carolingian Art

The golden cover of the Lindau Gospels.

pearls and jewels that are raised on golden claw feet so that they can catch and reflect the light.

The figures are rendered in repoussé , or hammered or pressed relief.

The youthful Christ brings to mind the beardless unsuffering Christ of the fifth-century ivory casket from Italy. This single eclectic work displays the classical and native stylistic poles of Carolingian art side by side.

Crucifixion

, front cover of the Lindau Gospels, ca. 870

Left: front cover of the Lindau Gospels, c. 870, gold Below: back cover

Cover of the Psalter

of Charles the Bald

(St. Denis, France), c. 865, ivory panel set in silver-gilt with filigree work and precious stones rich, decorated surfaces/ continued intellectual and artistic endeavors during the Carolingian period

Monday

• Finish Early Medieval • Go over Unit 4 Exam • Turn in Medieval WKST for Late Grade.

• Tomorrow: Unit 4 Test – Must have an excused absence to miss test. Parent email/ call. Otherwise it’s all Essay Test.

Odo of Metz. Interior of the Palatine Chapel of Charlemagne (Aachen, Germany), 792-805 modeled after San Vitale (Ravenna)/ clear structural articulation/ eastern feel: octogan shape/ striped arches/ basilica-central plan Important Relics: cloak of Virgin Mary, Loin cloth of Christ on cross

The “Three Floor” Elevation

Clerestory (upper level floor for windows) Gallery (2 nd floor area looking down) ambulatory

Abbey church of Corvey (Westphalia), Germany, c. 873-5 only Carolingian westwork to survive westwork: “façade with towers” castle or fortress like stairs in tower provided access to upper stories 2 nd floor-2 story chapel w/ aisle and gallery on 3 sides

THURSDAY • Turn in medieval worksheets for late grade • Finish Early Medieval: The Ottonians • Sister Wendy: Art History Video • Tomorrow: REVIEW • MONDAY: UNIT 4 EXAM!!!!! • Will put up review images online tonight

Ottonians

• 30 yrs after Charlemegne’s death, the empire was divided by his three grand children • Mid 10 th century- newline of emperors Ottonians consolidated eastern part of Charlemagnes former empire.

• Sought to preserve & enrich the culture and tradition of Carolingian period

St. Michael’s (Hildesheim, Germany), 1001-1031

Three “Ottos”/ Bishop Bernward/ lateral entrances/ alternate support system/

Doors with relief panels from Saint Michael’s at Hildesheim, 1015, bronze

Adam and Eve Reproached by the Lord, from the doors of St. Michael’s at Hildesheim

Church’s reestablishment of authority/ passing of blame

The Presentation at the Temple

Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero for Cologne Cathedral, c. 970, painted wood Archbishop Gero/ suffering on a monumental scale/ INRI (Iesus Nazarenus Rex Iudaeorum)

Ottonian Art

This Crucifix, carved in oak and then painted and gilded, epitomizes the revival of interest in monumental sculpture during this period. The six-foot-tall image of Christ nailed to the cross is both statue and reliquary [a shrine for sacred relics].

Crucifixion

, commissioned by Archbishop Gero ca. 970

Annunciation to the Shepherds, from the Lectionary of

Henry II

(Reichenau, Germany), 1002 1014 clarity and confidence expressed by line quality

immense, looming angel

Otto III enthroned, from the Gospel Book of Otto III, (Trier, Germany), 997-1000 alignment of church and state/ mixture of pagan and Christian imagery

Janus figures/ under a canopy

Compare & Contrast

Washing of Peter’s feet, from the Gospel Book of Otto III, c. 1000

Page of Christ Washing the Feet of His Disciples

Gospels of Otto III, c. 1000

This manuscript painting, done about 1000 CE, is a scene of humility, but during the next 200 years, the Romanesque period, the emperors, kings, popes and abbots lavish their material resources on churches to glorify God and recreate an image of the heavenly Jerusalem on earth.