Transcript 美国高校图书馆发展的新方向

中美图书馆之间合作的过去、现在
和未来
Sino-U.S. Library Cooperation: Past,
Present and Future
周欣平
美国柏克莱加州大学
University of California, Berkeley
第四届信息技术与教育国际学术研讨会，兰州，June 2010
韦棣华 Mary Elizabeth Wood
文华公书林和文华图专创始人
Mary Elizabeth Wood (August 22, 1861 – May 1, 1931) ,
founder of the first public library and first library school
in China
安德鲁·卡内基
(Andrew Carnegie
1835－1919)
卡内基的名言
Quotation of Andrew Carnegie
“ 地球上没有任何事物能象免费的公共图书馆那
样作为民主的摇篮，在这一个有着受过良好教育
国民的共和国里，地位、权力和财富都不重要”
There is not such a cradle of democracy upon
the earth as the Free Public Library, this republic
of letters, where neither rank, office, nor wealth
receives the slightest consideration.
提纲 Outline
1. 数字时代的图书馆 Libraries in the Digital Age
2. 填补数字鸿沟 Bridging the Digital Divide
3. 图书馆服务新理念 New Concepts of Library
Services
4. 数字时代图书馆的评估 Measuring Libraries in
the Digital Age
5. 中美图书馆的合作交流与展望 Future
Cooperation between Chinese and
American Libraries
1. 数字时代的图书馆
Libraries in the Digital Age
过去三十年是图书馆发展的震荡时期，图书
馆的变化速度超过了它们在过去几百年乃至
上千年的总和
The pace of change in libraries in the past
three decades surpasses that in the past
one thousand years
发展趋势 General Trends
新的知识和信息每分钟都在全球范围内产
生和传播；人类创造知识的能力得到了极
大的提高
New knowledge and information is created
and disseminated rapidly worldwide; our
ability to create knowledge has been
greatly enhanced
发展趋势 General Trends
知识和信息资源管理的集成化是发展最显著的特
点。图书馆从单一的信息储存机构变为大规模的
知识体系，而这个知识体系是不断变化的和全球
性的
The most striking characteristics of this
transformation is that knowledge and information
are increasingly aggregated. Libraries are
becoming knowledge networks that are
constantly changing and becoming global
信息的集成化
Aggregation of Information
信息链造成大规模知识和信息的集成
Aggregation generates large quantity of
knowledge and information
开放的空间成为信息传播的主要途径
Open access is the norm
纸本与数字信息共存，而后者是前者的许多倍
Print and digital content co-exist, but the latter is
many times larger than the former
信息的集成化-续
Aggregation of Information (cont’d)
信息储存的实体空间与虚拟空间并存
Physical vs. cyber spaces
图书馆之间的合作产生了全球知识信息网
Cooperation among libraries leads to the
formation of a global knowledge network
知识信息系统的特点
Characteristics
信息的产生与发布是随时的，并可以不断
修改更新
Knowledge and information is fluid and
changeable
维基经济学：大规模的共创、共享和社会
互动给知识的产生带来了飞跃
Wikinomics: mass collaboration and sharing
changes everything
2. 填补鸿沟
Bridging the digital divide
信息化程度的飞速提高造成了地区之间的不平衡，
即数字鸿沟
Rapid advancement of an information society
has led to a digital divide
我们必须多关注中国农村和欠发达地区图书馆事
业的发展
We need to pay more attention to library
development in China’s poor and less developed
regions
文献传递 Document Delivery
图书交流范例
3. 图书馆服务新理念
New Concepts of Library Services
第二代互联网和第二代图书馆：网络时代
的图书馆
Web 2.0 and Library 2.0 in the Age of
Networking
新一代知识网 Networked Digital
Libraries
将图书馆的馆藏放在一个手提电脑上
Collections on a computer
计算机信息处理速度以光学速度计算
Computing speed at that of the light
虚拟的资讯服务 Virtual information service
“云端计算” 让无数的服务器共同工作，把信息
的收集和储存变为社会行为和共享的基础 Cloud
computing and shared cyber infrastructure)
台湾数位典藏与数位学习成果入口网
Taiwan’s National Digital Archive and Digital
Learning Net
4. 数字时代图书馆的评估
Measuring Libraries in
the Digital Age
新的考量
New Considerations
收集知识的规模与能力 Ability to acquire
knowledge and information resources on a large
scale
知识产生过程中的参与和核心地位 Critical role in
the creation of knowledge
优良的信息组织、储存与发布 Ability to organize,
store and disseminate information
良好的创新能力 Creativity
综合知识信息资源 Combination of print and nonprint publications and data
新的图书馆评估标准
New Measurements
①馆藏资源的数量和质量；②网络及数字化程度；
③多元化的信息管理和服务；④全球范围内信息
资源的获取和利用；⑤提供远距离学习和教 育之
环境；⑥馆员素质
1. Quality and quantity of collection resources; 2.
Network and digital capacities; 3. Diverse
information resources and services; 4. Global
information gathering and utilization; 5.
environment for distance and digital learning; 6.
Quality of the staff
5. 中美图书馆合作交流展望
Future Cooperation between
Chinese and American Libraries
正在进行的中美图书馆合作
Current and on-going Library Cooperation
between Chinese and American Libraries
– 中美图书馆高层论坛
Strategic forum and discussions
– 文献传递
Document delivery
– 图书馆员培训
Librarian training
正在进行的中美图书馆合作– 续
Current and on-going Library Cooperation
between Chinese and American Libraries (Cont’d)
– 文献整理和研究
Cooperative research of classical Chinese
publications
– 双边组织合作, 如环太平洋地区数字图书馆联盟
PRDLA，太平洋邻里联盟PNC等
Cooperative consortia such as PRDLA, PNC
– 人员交流
Personnel exchange
未来的合作展望
Future Cooperation
资源交流和共享
Resource sharing
图书馆战略发展规划
Strategic planning
大型数字文献建设
Mass digitization
共建图书馆服务新模式
Joint development of new library service
models
Questions?
谢谢！