Configuration: Axis of Rotation Paul Gipe & Assoc.

HAWT VAWT

Wind Energy Conversion Devices

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Drag Devices HAWT (Seldom) VAWT (Often) First Choice of “Inventors”

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Lift Devices HAWT (Dominant) VAWT (Rare) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

VAWT Configurations Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Persian Panemone

VAWTs Drag Device (Paddles) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Savonius or “S” Rotors Paul Gipe & Assoc.

VAWT Magnus Effect Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

VAWT Nomenclature

VAWTs

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Darrieus 4 Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

VAWTs

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Darrieus 3 Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

VAWTs

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Darrieus 2 Blades Tehachapi Pass, Calif.

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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VAWTs Darrieus 2 Blades Atlantic Wind Test Site, PEI Paul Gipe, wind-works.org

VAWTs

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Darrieus Bi-Blade Paul Gipe & Assoc.

VAWTs Cantilevered Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Giromills Articulating Straight Blade VAWT Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Giromill Articulating Straight Blade VAWT Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Giromill (McDonnell Aircraft) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Giromill (McDonnell Aircraft)

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High Hype Complex Costly DOE Boondoggle Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Variable Geometry VAWT (Musgrove) Paul Gipe & Assoc.

© PI Specialists

Technology Pathways VAWTS Paul Gipe & Assoc.

We Know What Works . . .and What Doesn’t Eole, Cap Chat © Vortec Paul Gipe, wind-works.org

HAWT Configurations Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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Blade Number Blades One to Many

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Blade Materials Cloth to High-Tech

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Blade Shape Simple to “Shark Fin”

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Blade Color Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Blade Number

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1 Blade

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2 Blades

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3 Blades

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Multiblade Farm Windmill

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No Blades No, Really Paul Gipe & Assoc.

One-Blade Turbines

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Lightweight Only One Blade Small Gearbox High RPM Noisy Complex Rotor Odd Paul Gipe & Assoc.

One-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Small One-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two Blades

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Lighter than Three Static Balance Dynamic Imbalance in Yaw Teetering Hub Pitch-Coupled Teetering Higher RPM than Three Noisier than Three Visual Imbalance Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two-Blade Turbines

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two-Blade Turbines

Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Two-Blade Turbines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Three Blades

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Dynamic Balance in Yaw Complicates Erection Visually Balanced Lower RPM Bigger Gearbox Can Use Simple Hub

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Three Blades

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Dynamic Balance in Yaw Complicates Erection Visually Balance Lower RPM Bigger Gearbox Can Use Simple Hub

Technology Pathways Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Blade Material

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Cloth Sail Wing, Cretan, etc.

Wood Planks Composites Metal Fiberglass GFRP GFRE CFRE Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Cloth Blades

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Wood Blades

Composite Wood Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Multiblade Paul Gipe & Assoc.

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Aluminum Steel Metal Blades Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Fiberglass Blades