Transcript Components

Textiles
Components
These icons indicate that teacher’s notes or useful web addresses are available in the Notes Page.
This icon indicates that the slide contains activities created in Flash. These activities are not editable.
For more detailed instructions, see the Getting Started presentation.
1 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Learning objectives
Learning objectives
To become familiar with the range of threads,
yarns, fastenings, elastics, bindings, interfaces and
fillings used when manufacturing textile items.
2 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Wordsearch
3 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Machine thread
Your choice of thread depends on what you
are making. Machine thread comes in a
number of different thicknesses. The fabric
that you use will determine which thickness of
thread you choose.
Polyester thread is cheap with a slight stretch and is
generally used on man-made fabrics.
Cotton thread is expensive, is normally used on natural
fabrics and is easily dyed.
Cotton polyester has mixed properties. It has a slight
stretch and can be dyed.
Silk thread is extremely fine and mainly used with silk
fabric.
4 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Embroidery thread
Mercerized cotton is a twisted thread
and is supplied in a single thickness.
Stranded cotton comes in a hank of six
threads. The count of fabric will
determine how many threads are used.
Pearl (perle) cotton is a 100% cotton
thread which comes in two thicknesses.
It is a twisted thread which is used on
tapestry canvas, linen and even weave.
It is thick and adds more dimension.
Silk embroidery threads are used on
very fine fabrics.
5 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Yarns
Knitting yarns
Natural and man-made yarns can be used
for knitting.
They come in smooth or textured finishes
and can create interesting textures when
knitted together.
The thickness of the yarns is called ply.
Thicknesses can range from two ply to a
jumbo knit.
All knitting yarn comes in gram balls.
Tapestry yarns
Anchor yarns are 100% wool.
Strands can be mixed to create different
colours.
6 of 22
This cushion cover has
been made using tapestry
yarns.
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – zips
Zips can be purchased in a spectrum of colours
and range of sizes. They are available with
plastic or metal teeth and can be concealed or
visible. You should decide which zip you are
going to use prior to manufacture. If you are
using a concealed zip it should be at least 3cm
longer than your gap.
The zip is tacked into place and adjusted
accordingly.
One side of the zip is sewn close to the fabric
using a zipper foot.
Sew halfway – stop – zip up – and continue
sewing to the end. Repeat this on the other side
of the zip.
7 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – buttons
Buttons come in a range of materials, shapes and sizes. They
are designed with holes that run through or with a loop at the
back to attach them to the fabric.
Most buttons are made from plastic
and tend to be quite cheap.
However, pearl, coral, wood and
shell buttons are also available but
can be quite expensive. Many
specialist shops sell a range of
buttons depicting everything from
foods to cartoon characters.
Sew a number of stitches where you want the button to sit.
Sew through the button a number of times in the same
place.
8 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – button holes
Buttons holes are usually made using a sewing machine.
When the edges have been sewn, use a seam ripper or
sharp embroidery scissors to cut through the middle.
Always try a couple of samples to
ensure that the button hole fits the
button.
Buttons can be used on their
own or with other fastenings.
9 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – hooks and eyes
Hooks and eyes are mainly used to be concealed but
occasionally are a feature on a garment. The main
applications for hooks and eyes are underwear,
waistbands and at the tops of zips.
Hooks and eyes come in a range of sizes with small
ones being used in underwear and larger ones on
trousers and skirts.
They are generally supplied in a metal finish
but are sometimes painted to match the
garments.
Hooks and eyes tend to be used where
the edges are pulled tight, or to add
extra security to another fastening.
They are usually hand stitched to an
item, and are quite fiddly to line up.
10 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – press studs
Press studs or poppers are available in high street shops in a
plastic, brass or chrome finish.
Press studs are used in a wide range of
items, from garments to accessories.
They are quite tricky to apply so
should be practiced on a scrap before
attaching to the final product.
Press studs are often used on
children’s clothes and soft
furnishings.
11 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – eyelets
Eyelets are metal components with a hole through the
middle.
Eyelets can normally be purchased in chrome
or brass but are sometimes painted to match
the textile item.
They can be found on shoes and trainers in
order to lace them up.
Other uses for eyelets are tents, bags and
belts.
Eyelets are useful
when making a
product that
requires adjusting.
12 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – velcro
Velcro is a fabric fastening that is reasonably cheap and can
be cut to the required length. It is easy to undo but strong
enough to remain fastened until pulled apart.
Velcro can be stuck or sewn to fabric.
Two pieces of velcro are used for the
fastening.
One side is made up of loops and the
other side is made up of hooks.
When pressed together they form a
strong connection.
Velcro is used on jackets, shoes,
purses and furnishings.
13 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – buckles
Buckles come in a variety of shapes, sizes and colours.
They are more commonly found on
belts but can be used on accessories,
garments, children’s equipment and
industrial items.
A buckle is a good fastening to use
when something is made in one size,
as it can be adjusted accordingly.
14 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings – D rings and drawstrings
D rings are similar to buckles but have a less complicated
fastening action and can be easily adjusted.
Two rings are used together to make the fastening.
Drawstrings can be found on many
different textile items.
They are an extremely cheap way of
fastening a product.
Common applications are skirts,
trousers and bags.
15 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Fastenings quiz
16 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Elastic
Most elastic is produced in black and white.
Shearing elastic is a fine gathering elastic that can be
threaded through a sewing machine on the bobbin.
Hat elastic is mainly used in millinery work.
Sew in elastic can be bought in different
widths – narrow for underwear and
thicker for waistbands. The wider the
elastic, the thicker it is.
17 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Bindings
18 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Interfacing
Interfacing is used to reinforce a fabric, and can not
usually be seen from the outside of the item. Common
applications are collars, waist bands and the reverses of
badges and logos.
Vilene is a non-woven fabric which is manufactured in
black or white.
Iron-on Vilene is coated in glue on one side. It should be cut
to the size of the matching pattern piece and then ironed to
the fabric. When it is ironed it bonds together with the fabric
it is being ironed onto.
Sew-in Vilene is stitched to the pattern piece. Vilene for
stretch fabric is also available.
19 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Filling
Fillings are used to stuff soft furnishings and toys.
Wadding
A non-woven cotton polyester fabric that can be bought
on a roll or in pieces.
Can be used in soft furnishing or garments.
Kapok
Has a cotton wool ball consistency.
Can be used in soft toys or for certain
types of quilting.
Foam
A a man-made product which can
by cut to any shape.
Mainly used in soft furnishing and
upholstery.
20 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Test yourself!
21 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005
Key points
Key points
Machine thread is used to sew fabric together. The
fabric determines which thread should be used.
Embroidery thread is used to decorate fabric.
Yarn is used for knitting items and for tapestry.
Fastenings include zips, buttons, hooks and eyes,
press studs, eyelets, buckles, D rings and
drawstrings.
Elastic comes in a range of thicknesses and is
used in waistbands and hats as well as other textile
items.
Bindings are used to cover the edges of fabrics.
Interfacing reinforces fabric and is used in collars
and waistbands.
Fillings are used to stuff soft furnishings, toys and
quilts.
22 of 22
© Boardworks Ltd 2005