Transcript Federalism
Federalism
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Video: The Big Picture
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http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch03_Federalism_Seg1_
v1.html
Learning Objectives
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.2
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Define federalism and contrast it
with alternative ways of organizing a
nation.
Outline the constitutional basis for
the division of power between
national and state governments, the
establishment of national
supremacy, and states’ obligations
to each other.
Learning Objectives
3.3
3.4
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Characterize the shift from dual to
cooperative federalism, the role of
fiscal federalism in intergovernmental
relations today, and diversity in
policies among the states.
Explain the consequences of
federalism for diversity in public
polices among the states.
Learning Objectives
3.5
Assess the impact of federalism on
democratic government and the
scope of government.
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Video: The Basics
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http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_Federalism_v2.html
Defining Federalism
What is federalism?
Unitary system
Power given to central government
Confederation
Weak national government and power given to states
Intergovernmental relations
3.1
Authority relations in three systems of
government
3.1
3.1 Which organizing system does
the government in the United States
use?
a. Confederate
b. Unitary
c. Federal
d. Intergovernmental
3.1
3.1 Which organizing system does
the government in the United States
use?
a. Confederate
b. Unitary
c. Federal
d. Intergovernmental
3.1
Constitutional Basis of
Federalism
Division of Power
National Supremacy
States’ Obligations to Each Other
3.2
Division of Power
States retained many powers
Organize local governments and elections
Ratify Constitutional amendments
Equal representation in Senate
3.2
Some Powers Denied States by the
Constitution
3.2
Division of Power
Federal obligations to states
Cannot divide states
Cannot tax interstate exports
Protect states against invasion
Overlapping responsibilities
3.2
National Supremacy
Which level should do what?
Debates over areas of policy responsibility
Supremacy clause
Civil War
The Struggle for Racial Equality
Tenth Amendment
Eleventh Amendment
3.2
Wallace and segregation
3.2
National Supremacy
Implied Powers
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
Enumerated powers
Elastic clause
3.2
Supremacy Clause and
Immigration
3.2
National Supremacy
Commerce power
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
Promote economic development
Regulate economic activity
Expansion then retraction
3.2
States’ Obligations to Each
Other
Full faith and credit
Defense of Marriage Act (1996)
3.2
States’ Obligations to Each
Other
Extradition
Privileges and immunities
3.2
3.2 Which clause of the Constitution
requires states to honor contracts
signed in other states?
a. Privileges and immunities
b. Full faith and credit
c. Necessary and proper
d. Commerce
3.2
3.2 Which clause of the Constitution
requires states to honor contracts
signed in other states?
a. Privileges and immunities
b. Full faith and credit
c. Necessary and proper
d. Commerce
3.2
Explore the Simulation: You
Are a Federal Judge
3.2
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_longman_media
_1/2013_mpsl_sim/simulation.html?simulaURL=3
Video: In Context
3.2
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_Federalism_v2.html
Intergovernmental Relations
From Dual to Cooperative Federalism
Devolution?
Fiscal Federalism
3.3
From Dual to Cooperative
Federalism
Dual federalism
Separate spheres of authority
Layer cake
Interpret federal power narrowly
Cooperative federalism
Shared costs
Federal guidelines
Shared administration
3.3
Interstate highways
3.3
From Dual to Cooperative
Federalism
Cooperative federalism in action
Schools
Highways and State Alcohol laws
3.3
Devolution?
Party divide on federalism
Democrats favor national government
Republicans favor states
Devolution since Reagan
Loosening federal regulations
1994 Congress
Harnessing federal government power
3.3
Fiscal Federalism
The Grant System
Categorical grants
Specific purpose
Crossover sanctions
Crosscutting requirements
Project grants
Formula grants
Block grants
1994 Congress
Scramble for federal dollars
Mandate blues
3.3
Fiscal Federalism
The Grant System
Categorical grants
Specific purpose
Crossover sanctions
Crosscutting requirements
Project grants
Formula grants
Block grants
1994 Congress
Scramble for federal dollars
Mandate blues
3.3
FIGURE 3.1: Fiscal federalism: Federal
grants to state and local governments
3.3
No Child Left Behind Act
3.3
3.3 Which of the following gives
states more discretion in using
federal funds?
a. Categorical grant
b. Formula grant
c. Block grant
d. Mandate
3.3
3.3 Which of the following gives
states more discretion in using
federal funds?
a. Categorical grant
b. Formula grant
c. Block grant
d. Mandate
3.3
Explore Federalism: Which
States Win or Lose in the
Federal Aid Game?
3.3
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/long/long_edwards_mpslgi
a_16/pex/pex3.html
Diversity in Policy
Diversity in public opinion reflected
Policy innovation facilitated
Diversity has its downside
3.4
3.4 Which of the following is a result
of federalism?
a. Diversity of policies in states
b. States can be policy innovators
c. States can spend less on education
d. All of the above
3.4
3.4 Which of the following is a result
of federalism?
a. Diversity of policies in states
b. States can be policy innovators
c. States can spend less on education
d. All of the above
3.4
Video: Thinking Like a
Political Scientist
3.4
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_Federalism_v2.html
Understanding Federalism
3.5
Federalism and Democracy
Federalism and the Scope of the National
Government
FIGURE 3.2: State and local spending on
public education
3.5
Federalism and Democracy
Contributions to democracy
Decentralizes politics
Disputes resolved at lower levels of govt.
Majorities can be heard at state level
More opportunities for participation
Losing elections less painful
Detriments to democracy
Electoral College
Thwarting national majorities
3.5
Number of governments in America
3.5
Federalism and the Scope of
the National Government
Why national government grew
Economic intervention
Industrialization
Quotas
Subsidies
Preventing monopolies
Occupational health and safety
Urbanization
Housing
Social welfare
3.5
FIGURE 3.3: Fiscal Federalism: The size of
the public sector
3.5
3.5 Federalism has contributed to
democracy in all of the following
ways except:
a. The Electoral College
b. More opportunities for participation
c. Disputes resolved at lower levels
d. More points of access
3.5
3.5 Federalism has contributed to
democracy in all of the following
ways except:
a. The Electoral College
b. More opportunities for participation
c. Disputes resolved at lower levels
d. More points of access
3.5
Video: In the Real World
3.5
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MED
IA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_Federalism_v2.html
Discussion Question
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In what ways has federalism contributed to
democracy? In what ways has federalism
been detrimental to democracy? Has this
pattern followed the Framers’ intentions?
Could they have foreseen the issues the
federal government and the states would
have to deal with after industrialization?
Video: So What?
3
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IA_1/polisci/presidency/Edwards_Ch03_Federalism_Seg6_
v2.html
Further Review: On
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