Transcript File - 7th Grade Social Studies!

Foreign Policy in the Early
Years
Major Foreign Policy Theories
 Neutrality:
 Staying out of it – not even choosing
sides in an arguement
 Isolationism:
 Avoiding any agreements with other
countries; just sticking to yourself
 Involvement:
 Getting involved in other nations’
situations/problems
What should President Adams do to
protect American Ships?
 Problem:
 Britain refused to leave Ohio River Valley
 France wanted this to cause a war b/t
America and Britain
 Chief Justice John Jay sent to Britain to
settle
 = Jay Treaty  British pull troops from
O.R.V
=France views as a betrayal (they don’t like
Britain)
=French navy attacks American ships going to
Britain (316 American ships taken!)
What should President Adams do to
protect American Ships?
 Solution:
 Adams sent three reps. To France to end
attacks
 Met by secret agents X, Y, and Z “NO
PEACE TALKS w/OUT TRIBUTE!”
 Tribute = money paid in defeat or to
protect
 America won’t pay
 U.S. built up army and navy and “half
war” on sea
What should President Adams do to
protect American Ships?
 Solution part 2:
 War not good for country  peace
mission
 Napoleon stopped seizing ships
 End French/American alliance
 France won’t pay for ships they had
taken
 Adams’s popularity down!
How should President Jefferson
deal with pirates?
 Problem – Part 1:
 American ships came between French
and British fights (each wanted to stop
supplies from going to their enemy)
 Jefferson tried for neutrality
 Got worse; began to impress American
sailors
 Impressment: Kidnapping
 Even open fired on one ship, the
Chesapeake
How should President Jefferson
deal with pirates?
 Solution – part 1:
 Embargo: Stop trading with other
nations
 No foreign ships could enter U.S. ports and
no American ships could leave except to
trade with other Americans
 Hoped it would hurt France and Britain’s
economy so much they would stop
How should President Jefferson
deal with pirates?
 Outcome – part 1:
 Hurt America more than Europe
 Act repealed
 Attacks continued
How should President Jefferson
deal with pirates?
 Problem – part 2:
 Pirates from northern Africa (Barbary
States) were taking ships and holding
crews for ransom
 In past, Washington and Adams both paid
tribute to them
 Tripoli even declared war on U.S.
 Keep paying or war?
How should President Jefferson
deal with pirates?
 Solution – part 2:
 Small fleet of warships to protect, ended
up bombarding Tripoli with cannons
 The Philadelphia was captured and held for
ransom
 Peace Treaty
 U.S. pay $60,000 ransom in exchange for a
stop in tribute payments
How should President Jefferson
deal with pirates?
 Outcome – Part 2:
 Other Barbary States continued their
attacks
 1815: America and Europe destroyed
pirate bases
What should President Madison do
to protect sailors and settlers?
 Problem:
 Britain and France still attacking American ships
 Madison Offers France and Britain to stop trading
with the other if they stop the attacks
 Napoleon agrees but secretly doesn’t stop attacks
 Britain refuses
 Can we handle war with Britain?
 Southerners and Westerners wanted war (War
Hawks) – thought it would make land west of
Appalachians safer
 We thought Britain was supplying Native Americans
with weapons via Canada
What should President Madison do
to protect sailors and settlers?
 Problem cont.
 How do we know about the weapon supply?
 Two Shawnee Indians – Chief Tecumseh and his
brother Tenskwatawa, the Prophet
 were sick of getting kicked off their land so they
united Native Americans up and down Mississippi
River
 Followed Tenskwatawa because:
 He claimed American guns couldn’t harm them
 Claimed the Great Spirit told them they would
win the battle – could tell the future!
 Uniting is the only way protect/conquer
 Built a center – Prophetstown
What should President Madison do
to protect sailors and settlers?
 Indiana Governor Harrison organized
militia to march to Prophetstown
 Tenskwatawa decided to attack first
(Tecumseh was away recruiting) Native
Americans attacked them…but Harrison’s
militia still won
 N.A. were not prepared because they believed
they were harmless
 Also….
We found British guns!!
What should President Madison do
to protect sailors and settlers?
 Solution:
 No more isolationism!
 Group of leaders called the War Hawks in
the West and South fought for America
to go to war
 Declared war on Britain on July 17,
1812….with only 7,000 men and 16 ships
 Reasons for War…RECAP!
 Westerners wanted to conquer part of Canada
 To stop the supply of weapons to the N.A.
 To stop the attack on American ships
The War of 1812
 The War: Invasion of Canada
 Invade Canada = driven back 3 times
 Lands west of Appalachians safer b/c
Tecumseh was killed…momentum down
 America burnt the city of York (modern day
Toronto) – huge British loss
The War of 1812
 The War: Washington D.C.
 British invaded Washington D.C. in 1814 and
burnt the city!
 Revenge for Toronto
 Dolly Madison ran back into burning White House
to grab a portrait of George Washington.
The War of 1812
 The War: Baltimore
 On Sept. 13 1814, the Baltimore harbor
was already being guarded by Americans so
British were forced to shell/bomb the whole
harbor (= red glow)
 American flag still flew next morning….”The
Star-Spangled Banner.”
 Francis Scott Key wrote b/c he was so happy
 Eventually became our National Anthem!
The War of 1812
 The War: New Orleans
 General Andrew Jackson was already defending
New Orleans (think back – why so important?)
 Jackson and his men fought one of the strongest
American battles
 2000 British killed or wounded…only 20
Americans!
 =Andrew Jackson is a hero!
 Except…
 The war was already over! (Treaty was signed
several weeks before)
 However…still brought a lot of American pride
 Able to beat British again…
The War of 1812
 Outcome:
 Before the Battle of New Orleans, Treaty
of Ghent was signed
 Treaty didn’t solve any of the issues that
led to the war; pretty much
 But peace for a little while!
Recap on President Madison
 America’s 4th president
 Not a great people-person
 Wife, Dolley Madison, handled many of the
social aspects of being president
 Even a large part of the reason her husband
won the position
 Opened the door for women to become more
involved
 Then, during the White House fire, ran back
to get a portrait of George Washington