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INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BPOA AND THE MAURITIUS
STRATEGY FOR THE FURTHER IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
BPOA
CONSTANCE VIGILANCE
COMMONWEALTH SECRETARIAT
4 APRIL 2012
Rio +20
 Themes –
 (a) a green economy in the context of sustainable
development and poverty eradication; and
 (b) the institutional framework for sustainable development.
The focus of this presentation is the institutional framework
for sustainable development in SIDS
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
 IMPLEMENTATION STRUCTURE AND STATUS OF
MAURITIUS STRATEGY
 EVOLUTION OF SIDS PARTICIPATION IN INTERNATIONAL
ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
 THE NEED FOR A NEW INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE
 AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSES OF THE PROPOSED
REGIONAL MECHANISM
 MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE REGIONAL STRUCTURE
 INSTITUTIONS ATTHE INTERNATIONAL REGION
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
 Outlines a proposal for an institutional framework at the
global and regional level to support SIDS
 The political and policy context for the proposal
 Highlights the reasons for a technical regional
mechanism in each SIDS region
 Proposes a structure that represents the consensus
reached by SIDS officials attending the Commonwealth
course on the International Architecture for
Environment and sustainable development (Pacific – 8;
Caribbean-11; AIMS-29; ComSec -4)
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
 A key provision of Chapter 17(G) in Agenda 21 (The sustainable
development of small island developing states) called for the
strengthening of inter-island regional and interregional cooperation
and information exchange, including periodic regional and global
meetings
 This led to the first global conference on the sustainable
development of SIDS in 1994 in Barbados and the BPOA
 outlined 15 programme areas as a framework for implementing
actions to facilitate the sustainable development of SIDS
 underscored the vulnerabilities of SIDS
 outlined the responsibilities of SIDS for their sustainable development
and the assistance needed from the international community
 The 2005 Mauritius strategy strengthened the social and economic
dimensions of the BPOA – trade, smooth transition from LDC status
BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT
PROGRAMME AREAS: BPOA
I
PROGRAMME AREAS: MS/BPOA
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEALEVEL RISE
I
CLIMATE CHANGE AND SEALEVEL RISE
II
NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS
II
NATURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL DISASTERS
III
MANAGEMENT OF WASTES
III
MANAGEMENT OF WASTES
IV
COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES
IV
COASTAL AND MARINE RESOURCES
V
FRESHWATER RESOURCES
V
FRESHWATER RESOURCES
VI
LAND RESOURCES
VI
LAND RESOURCES
VII
ENERGY RESOURCES
VII
ENERGY RESOURCES
VIII
TOURISM RESOURCES
VIII
TOURISM RESOURCES
IX
BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES
IX
BIODIVERSITY RESOURCES
X
NATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND ADMINISTRATIVE CAPACITY
X
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
XI
REGIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND TECHNICAL COOPERATION
XI
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
XII
TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION
XII
GRADUATION FROM LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRY STATUS
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
XIII
XV
XVI
TRADE: GLOBILISATION AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION
SUSTAINABLE CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
SUSTAINABLE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
NATIONAL AND REGIONAL ENABLING ENVIRONMENTS
XVII
HEALTH
XVIII
KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
XIX
CULTURE
XX
IMPLEMENTATION
XIII
XIV
XV
HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT
IMPLEMENTATION , MONITORING AND REVIEW
XIV
STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF BPOA AND MSI
 Triangular approach to implementation at the national,
regional and international levels
 International levels – SIDS Unit, UNDESA , 1995 – main
institutional output of the 1994 UN conference on the
sustainable development of SIDS
 Regional levels –
 Atlantic Indian Ocean Mediterranean South China Seas (AIMS)
region : the Indian Ocean Commission (IOC) is the de facto
regional implementation entity – currently implementing an EU
funded SIDS project
 Pacific region: the South Pacific Regional Environment
Programme (SPREP) is the de facto regional implementation
entity – a number of the SPREP’s programme areas fall within
the BPOA and MSI
STATUS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF
BPOA AND MSI
 Caribbean region
 1995 Joint coordinating mechanism of CARICOM , UNECLAC and
Caribbean Development and Cooperation Committee
 2006 Regional Coordinating Mechanism for the MSI
 Regional level implementation need strengthening - Jan 2011
UN resolution 65/156 which highlights the need for inter alia:
 timely action for the effective implementation of the MSI
 Cooperation among SIDS
 The need to increase the level of resources
Evolution of SIDS participation in international environmental
and sustainable development
 Four phases:
 Obscurity – prior to 1992 , little knowledge of the sustainable
development priorities of SIDS
 Recognition and acceptance – Chapter 17(G) of Agenda 21, 1994
Barbados conference , the BPOA, MSI, the sustainable
development priorities of SIDS are recognised and international
agreement reached
 Consolidation phase - requires
 an institutional structure, which caters to the needs and sustainable
development priorities of SIDS,
 concrete actions at the national and regional levels,
 adequate and predicable financial support,
 sound scientific research
 capacity development and technology transfer
 Designation - SIDS as a special category,
Rio 2012: An Opportunity Time for Reviewing the
Institutional Framework for the Sustainable
Development of SIDS
 “ [...] any framework which evolves under the theme “Institutional
Framework for Sustainable Development” must be designed in a manner
so as to provide a clear institutional mechanism, to address, in a
concrete and focused manner, the sustainable development of the
most vulnerable countries (i.e. SIDS and LDCs), at the global and
regional levels. Such a mechanism provides, inter alia, a context for
enhanced UN coherence; the facilitation of adequate and predictable
“Support” financial resources to facilitate transition to sustainable
green economies, given the financial gap which exists on most of these
countries as well as commitment to capacity development and
technology transfer, underpinned by sound science” [Emphasis added]
 Thirty Seventh Meeting Committee of Trade and Development of the
Caribbean Community (COTED), September 2011
COTED DECESION: PROVIDING THE
CONTEXT
 Using the decision of COTED as the context, a simulation
exercise of Rio 2012 was undertaking independently of each
other in the three SIDS regions.
a. AIMS Region, November 2011
b. Pacific Region, December 2011
c. Caribbean Region, January 2012
What is being presented is an accurate indication of the results of
that simulation, to address what SIDS Nationals themselves
perceive to be the problem and the solution to that problem,
EMPHASIS OF THE PROPOSAL
1. Enhancing regional Implementation in each of the SIDS regions as a basis for
strengthening Inter-SIDS Collaboration
2. Enhancing Intra-Regional SIDS Collaboration Between the SIDS Regions: AIMS,
Caribbean and Pacific
 Both of these areas have been identified as weaknesses in the Implementation of the
BPOA and the MS/BPOA
3. The role of AOSIS as the voice of SIDS and enhancing its effectiveness by
strengthening technical input from the SIDS Regions
Currently technical inputs from the SIDS regions shaping AOSIS negotiating positions is
non-existent. Absence of an effective institutional mechanism at the Regional level.
Exception is probably the Pacific.
THE NEED FOR AN ENHANCED INSTITUTIONAL
FRAMEWORK
 The global mechanism needs to be supported by three autonomous
inter-governmental, regional, technical arms in each of the three SIDS
regions
 Implementation of the regional/intra-regional dimensions of the BPOA
and MSI has been weak i.e. Small Island Developing States Technical
Assistance Programme (SIDS/TAP)
 The lack of a strong regional technical mechanism to implement the
BPOA and MSI – called for at the Oct 2003 Caribbean Prepcom , Feb
2005 16th Communique of CARICOM Heads of Government
 A more structured and systematic technical and legal analyses from
the three SIDS regions needed to strengthen and expand the SIDS
negotiating mechanism – AOSIS
 SIDS interest with respect to resource mobilisation, modalities for the
identification and access to environmentally sound technologies
AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE OF THE PROPOSED
REGIONAL MECHANISM
 OVERALL AIMS:
 Provide a inter-governmental structure for the implementation
of the BPOA and MSI
 Provide a platform for inter- and intra- regional collaboration
between SIDS in the various SIDS region
 Implement the regional dimension of the BPOA and MSI [Small
Island Developing States Technical Assistance Programme
(SIDS/TAP)
 Facilitate interaction, coordination and complementarity in the
BPOA and MSI at the national and regional levels
 Enhance cooperation, coherence and coordination at the
international levels including through liaising with the UN Interagency consultative group (UN IACG)
AIMS, OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE OF THE
PROPOSED REGIONAL MECHANISM
 OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE
 Technical advisory services: facilitate implementation, policy studies,
project formulation, project proposals
 Inter and Intra-regional collaboration and coordination: facilitate
technical collaboration, regional cooperation in training, research
and policy formulation, development of partnerships
 Formulating common positions and bridging the gap between
regional and international levels: support AOSIS, facilitating SIDS
inputs, bridging the gap with national and regional needs and at the
international level
 Public awareness and education
 Resource mobilisation
 Monitoring and evaluation
MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE REGIONAL STRUCTURE
 An executive body – to provide overall policy guidance.
Comprises the executive arm of government - Ministers
with responsibility for economic, social and environmental
sectors
 A high level advisory group – provide advisory services to
the executive body, bridging the gap between the
executive commission and the secretariat. Comprises key
stakeholders including academia, civil society and the
private sector
 The Secretariat – the focal point within the SIDS regions for
the implementation of the BPOA and MSI, facilitate
achieving the various objectives. Comprise a multinational
staff employed from the respective SIDS regions
MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE REGIONAL STRUCTURE
 Ad hoc technical and scientific working groups: provide
scientific and technical guidance to the Secretariat to
ensure greater synergies between the three pillars of
sustainable development. Comprise major groups
 Regional organisations: involved in programme
development for the Secretariat, facilitate
complementarities
 National coordinator/national mechanism: Each SIDS
country would be required to establish a mechanism,
serve as the national focal point for interface across the
regions as well as with various agencies in the country
MAIN ELEMENTS OF THE REGIONAL STRUCTURE
 The form of the regional mechanism which functions
autonomously:
 AIMS: nesting the mechanism within the IOC or one of the
universities in the regions e.g. the university of Seychelles
 Pacific : SPREP considered the most appropriate institution
 Caribbean : CARICOM and/or the UWI Institute for Sustainable
development
 Financing
 On a cost sharing basis
 Host institution providing physical space
 Operational costs funded by the UN as part of the funding for
the SIDS Secretariat/whatever is agreed
 Establishing a financing mechanism
 Donors
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
 Establishment of a SIDS Commission in the General
Secretariat of the UN
 Creation of a SIDS sustainability secretariat
 Strengthening of the IACG
 Strengthening SIDS international negotiating
mechanism –AOSIS
 Establishment of a SIDS/small states trust fund to
facilitate implementing of the BPOA and MSI
INTERNATIONAL LEVEL
 AOSIS
 In existence for 20 years but organisational structure
remains weak
 A loosely connected coalition without any formal structure
 AOSIS proposals
 Establishment of a AOSIS Secretariat to support the
operations of AOSIS
 Formulation of operational guidelines to facilitate inter-alia
day to day operations and structured inputs
 Establishment of formal structured linkages between the
proposed technical secretariats and AOSIS
Conclusion
 UNGA resolution 65/156 highlighted the deficiencies of the
implementation of the BPOA and MSI and the need for
greater linkages between AOSIS and the SIDS regions
 This proposed framework is the first attempt to design a
regional institutional framework for the BPOA and MSI
 The institutional framework presented was formulated
following consultations with officials from all three SIDS
regions
 It forms the basis for SIDS negotiations leading to Rio 2012
 If implemented, the institutional framework would
significantly enhance the implementation of the BPOA and
MSI
THANK YOU