Transcript Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases

Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Table of Contents
Chapter Preview
3.1 States of Matter
3.2 Changes of State
3.3 The Behavior of Gases
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The space that matter fills is called
a. pressure.
b. area.
c. volume.
d. mass.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
1. The space that matter fills is called
a. pressure.
b. area.
c. volume.
d. mass.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Which of the following describes a solid?
a. definite volume but no definite shape
b. definite shape and definite volume
c. neither definite shape nor definite volume
d. definite shape but no definite volume
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
2. Which of the following describes a solid?
a. definite volume but no definite shape
b. definite shape and definite volume
c. neither definite shape nor definite volume
d. definite shape but no definite volume
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Which of the following describes a liquid?
a. definite volume but no definite shape
b. definite shape and definite volume
c. neither definite shape nor definite volume
d. definite shape but no definite volume
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
3. Which of the following describes a liquid?
a. definite volume but no definite shape
b. definite shape and definite volume
c. neither definite shape nor definite volume
d. definite shape but no definite volume
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Which of the following describes a gas?
a. definite volume but no definite shape
b. definite shape and definite volume
c. neither definite shape nor definite volume
d. definite shape but no definite volume
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Chapter Preview Questions
4. Which of the following describes a gas?
a. definite volume but no definite shape
b. definite shape and definite volume
c. neither definite shape nor definite volume
d. definite shape but no definite volume
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
How do solids, liquids, and gases differ in the motion
of their particles?
Suppose you leave a towel out
on the beach on a hot, sunny
day. After a few hours, you
return to get the towel. How
would the temperature of the
towel have changed?
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
High-Use Academic Words
Suffix
-ation
Meaning
Part of Speech
Example Sentence
State of, process
of, act of
Noun
Vaporization, evaporation,
condensation, sublimation
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
High-Use Academic Words
Suffix
-ine
Meaning
Part of Speech
Example Sentence
Consisting of
Adjective
Crystalline
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
High-Use Academic Words
Suffix
-sion
Meaning
Part of Speech
Example Sentence
State of, process
of, act of
Noun
Surface tension
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Apply It!
Vapor is another word for gas. Use the chart above to predict the
meaning of vaporization. Revise your definition as needed.
When you come across an unfamiliar word, look at the suffix to help
you determine the meaning. Then check the definition in the
glossary or a dictionary.
Sample answer: Vaporization means the process or act of vaporizing or
changing something into vapor.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Chapter
Preview
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Section 1:
States of Matter
How can you describe the motion of particles in a solid?
How can you describe the motion of particles in a liquid?
How can you describe the motion of particles in a gas?
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Solids
The particles in a solid are closely locked in position and can
only vibrate.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Solids
Solids that are made up of
crystals are called
crystalline solids.
In amorphous solids, the
particles are not arranged in
a regular pattern.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Liquids
Compared to particles in a solid, the particles in a liquid are
more loosely connected and can collide with and move past
one another.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Gases
In gases, the atoms and molecules are free to move
independently, colliding frequently.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Links on Solids
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Viscosity
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Section:
States of Matter
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Section 2:
Changes of State
What happens to a substance during changes between solid
and liquid?
What happens to a substance during changes between liquid
and gas?
What happens to a substance during changes between solid
and gas?
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Changes Between Solid and Liquid
The change in state from a solid to a liquid is called melting.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Changes Between Solid and Liquid
The change from a liquid to a solid is called freezing.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Changes Between Liquid and Gas
The change from a liquid to a gas is called vaporization.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of State
A beaker of ice at –10ºC was
slowly heated to 110ºC. The
graph shows how the
temperature of the water
changed over time.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of State
Reading Graphs:
What two variables are
plotted on the graph?
Temperature (ºC) on the yaxis, time (minutes) on the xaxis
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of State
Reading Graphs:
What is happening to the
temperature of the water
during segment C of the
graph?
The temperature is rising from
0ºC to 100ºC.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of State
Interpreting Data:
What does the temperature
value for segment B
represent? For segment D?
Segment B: melting point of
ice; segment D: boiling point
of water
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Changes of State
Drawing Conclusions:
What change of state is
occurring during segment B of
the graph? During segment
D?
Change from solid to liquid;
change from liquid to gas
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Links on Changes of State
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Section:
Changes of State
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Section 3:
The Behavior of Gases
What types of measurements are useful when working
with gases?
How are the volume, temperature, and pressure of a gas
related?
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
A Change in Pressure
A punctured basketball deflates as gas particles begin to
escape.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Temperature and Volume
When the temperature of a gas increases at constant
pressure, its volume increases.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Pressure and Volume
As weights are added, the gas particles occupy a smaller
volume. The pressure increases.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Pressure and Temperature
When a gas is heated, the particles move faster and collide
more often with each other and with the walls of their
container. The pressure of the gas increases.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Gas Laws Activity
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access Active Art about gas laws.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
In an experiment, the temperature of
a gas at a constant volume was
varied. Gas pressure (in kilopascals)
was measured after each 5-kelvin
change in temperature. The data
from the experiment are shown in
the table.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
Graphing
Use the data to make a line
graph. Plot temperature on
the horizontal axis with a
scale from 270 K to 300 K.
Plot pressure on the vertical
axis with a scale from 0 kPa
to 25 kPa. (1 kPa = 1,000 Pa)
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
Interpreting Data
What was the manipulated
variable in this experiment?
Changing the temperature
of a gas at constant volume
changes its pressure in a
similar way.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
Interpreting Data
What kind of trend do the
data show?
Pressure increases
with temperature.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Graphing Gas Behavior
Drawing Conclusions
What happens to the
pressure of a gas when
temperature is increased at
constant volume?
Gas pressure increases.
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Links on Gases
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Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
End of Section:
The Behavior of Gases
Chapter 3 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
QuickTake Quiz
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