Transcript Presentation 5 Piping and Fittings 982KB May 24 2013 08:58:22
HVACR216 - Hydronics
Fittings and Pipe Support 1
Copper tubing
• Copper tubing was developed in the 1920s to provide an alternative to iron piping in a variety of uses.
2
Desirable features
• Good pressure and temperature rating for typical hydronic applications.
• Good resistance to corrosion from water based system fluids.
• Smooth inner walls that offer low flow resistance 3
Desirable features
• Lighter than steel or iron piping of equivalent size.
• Ability to be joined by the well-known technique of soft soldering 4
Copper pipe size
• Copper pipe is available in a wide range of sizes and wall thicknesses.
• The type of tubing used in
hydronic heating
is known as
water tube.
• In the United States, copper water tube is manufactured according to strict standards.
5
ASTM B88
• This standard is known as
ASTM
B88.
•
American Society for Testing and Materials
6
ASTM B88
• According to ASTMB88, the copper water pipe size refers to the nominal inside diameter of the pipe.
• The word “
nominal
” means that the measured
inside diameter
is
approximately
equal to the stated pipe size.
7
Copper tube sizing
• The outside diameter of copper water tubing is always 1/8 ” inch larger than the nominal inside diameter.
• For example, the outside diameter (O.D.) of ¾ ” inch type M copper tubing is .875 inches • This is exactly 7/8 ” inches, or 1/8 than the nominal pipe size.
” inch larger 8
Copper tubing wall thickness
• Copper water tube is available in three wall thicknesses designated as type K, L, and M in order of decreasing wall thicknesses.
• The
outside diameter identical
. of K, L and M tubing are • This allows all three types of tubing to be compatible with the same
fittings
and valves .
9
Copper tubing
• The three types of copper tubing are easily identified by color code printing along the tube.
• Type M copper tube = Red • Type L copper tube = Blue • Type K copper tube = Green 10
Copper M tubing
• Because operating pressures of residential and light commercial
hydronic heating
systems are relatively low, the thinnest wall copper tube (
type M
) is most often used.
• This wall thickness provides several times the pressure rating of other common hydronic system components.
11
Hard Drawn Tubing
• Two common hardness grades of copper water tube are available.
•
Hard drawn tubing
is supplied in straight, rigid lengths of 10 and 20 feet.
• Because of its straightness and strength,
hard drawn tubing
is the most commonly used type of copper tubing in hydronic systems .
12
Hard drawn copper Tubing
13
Soft Copper Tubing
• So-called
soft drawn tubing
is annealed during manufacturing to allow it to be formed with simple bending tools.
• It is useful in situations where awkward angles do not allow proper tubing alignment with standard fittings.
14
Annealing
• In the cases of copper this process is performed by substantially heating the material (generally until glowing) for a while and allowing it to cool.
15 • Unlike ferrous metals which must be cooled slowly to anneal, copper can be cooled slowly in air or quickly by quenching in water. • In this fashion the metal is softened and prepared for further work such as shaping, stamping, or forming.
Annealed copper tubing
16
Hard drawn copper tubing support
•
Horizontal
runs of copper hard drawn tubing must be supported at a maximum of every
12
’
.
•
Vertical
runs of copper hard drawn tubing must be supported at a maximum of every
10
’
.
•
Always refer to local code for proper spacing
17
Hard drawn copper tubing support
• These support spacings do not include any allowances for the extra weight of other system components such as circulators or expansion tanks. 18 • When such components are present, the piping should be supported immediately adjacent to the component.
Soft drawn copper tubing support
• Copper soft drawn tubing 1 ¼ horizontal run must be supported at a maximum of every 6 ’ .
” and smaller on a 19 • Copper soft drawn tubing 1 ½ ”” and larger on a horizontal run must be supported at a maximum of every 10 ’ .
• Vertical spacing for all sizes is 10 ’
Pipe support materials
• A number of different types and styles of supports are available for copper tubing.
20
Split rings Adjustable strap 2 hole pipe strap 21 J hook Clevis hanger Bell hanger
Two hole plastic strap Pipe insulator Copper strap Strut cushion clamp Vertical pipe support 22
Common pipe fittings
• Many of the pipe fittings used in hydronic systems are the same as used in conventional water supply systems.
23
Couplings: (standard and reducing)
24 Standard Reducer coupling
Elbows: 90 degree and 45 degree
25 90 degree 45 degree
Street elbows: (90 and 45 degrees)
26 Street 90 Street 45
Tees: (Standard and reducing)
Standard Reducing Tee 27
Threaded adapters: (Male and female)
28 Male adapter Female adapter
Unions
29
Ball valves
Sweat ball valve NPT ball valve 30
Gate valve
31
Boiler drain valve
32
Boiler Drain T
33
Baseboard Tee
34