Transcript marine bioresources – perspective raw
CJSC “Research Institute “ROSBIO”
MARINE BIORESOURCES – PERSPECTIVE RAW-MATERIAL BASE OF THE BIOFUEL INDUSTRY
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Biodiesel represents methyl (less often ethyl) ethers of fatty acids and is a perspective substitute for traditional hydrocarbon fuel. Raw materials for production of biodiesel are vegetable oils, food industry wastes and waste oils used for cooking.
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Benefits of Biodiesel
- High cetane number (average 45,8-56,9 units) - High flash point (above +100) - Good lubricating property - Absence of sulfur and aromatic hydrocarbons - Low toxicity of emissions - Virtually complete biodegradability (99% biodiesel are destroyed in water or soil for 28 days) - Zero balance of greenhouse gases 3
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Production of biodiesel
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Production of biodiesel by the regions of the world 70 % - EU 20 % - the USA 10 % - other countries
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Features of consumption of biodiesel
The main consumers are Germany, Great Britain, France, Austria, Spain National biodiesel programs are started more than in 20 countries Three of four liters of diesel fuel sold in EU contain biodiesel. The obligatory share of biofuel is 5,75 % in 2010, 20 % by 2020 9
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Biodiesel raw-material base
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Sown areas for the production of vegetable oils for biodiesel (worldwide)
Today - 1 % (14 mln ha) By the year 2030 - 2,5 % (35 mln ha) 13
Raw material Sesame Sunflower Peanut Rape Olive Jatropha Avocado Palm-oil Algae Soya Flax Liters of oil from 1 hectare 696 952 1059 1190 1212 1818 2638 5950 95000 446 478
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The volume of requirements of Russia in raw materials for substitution of diesel fuel with biodiesel in 2010-2015, million tons Raw material Rape Sunflower The required volume at 100 % substitution of diesel fuel with biodiesel 2010 2015 138.1
169.5
155.9
191.4
The required volume at 5 % substitution of diesel fuel with biodiesel 2010 2015 6.9
8.5
7.8
9.6
The need for crop area to meet the requirements of biodiesel at 5% is added to the fuel oil will be 12.5 million hectares 17
Producton and cost price of biodiesel
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Material balance of biodiesel
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Cost of biodiesel production in some European countries Сountry Germany Baltic States Hungary Poland Slovakia Cost, Euro/l 0.50-0.64
0.41-0.42
0.65
0.75
0.70
The price of rape in Germany is 450 EUROS per ton 20
Production cost of biodiesel in various countries in 2008 Type of Biodiesel India (Jatropha) U.S. (soybean) EU (rape) Russia (rape) Dollars per gallon of biodiesel 2.74
3.20
3.26
1.50
Dollars per gallon gasoline equivalent 2.97
3.33
3.54
1.65
The price of rape in Russia - 240 euros per ton 21
Optimal raw material in terms of yield of biodiesel for the climatic conditions of Russia is considered rape, the worst performance in sunflower. However, the collection of these crops in Russia is low, causing shortages and price increases. In 2015, to ensure that domestic demand for biodiesel under the condition of a 5% replacement required 6.9 million tons of rapeseed (10 times higher than the collection in 2009) or 8.5 million tons of sunflower (1.3 times higher than the collection in 2009, taking into account that all volume of sunflower is chosen by oil produces).
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Marine bioresources represent a new source of raw materials competitive advantages relative of biodiesel from vegetable raw material (rape):
1. Preservation of arable land 2. Year-round production of raw materials.
3. Renewable source of raw material is weed species of fish and fish processing waste.
4. Ability to self-reliance in the areas of fishing vessels 23
Use of marine resources solves the problem of energy security Autonomy from power and heat of medium sized cities, military bases, providing the rolling stock of the Armed Forces and Ministry of Emergencies in remote regions of Russia.
Supply ships and drilling platforms offshore of the Arctic Ocean.
Resource of mesopelagic fish
North - East Atlantic 10.000.000 tons North - West Atlantic 1.000.000 tons South - East Atlantic 1.000.000 tons Antarctic Atlantic 8.000.000 tons 25
The forecasts of catches of marine and freshwater hydrobionts (mesopelagic fish) of the Russian sector and sectors of the U.S., EU, China and Japan are no information. Probably fishing for those aquatic bioresources is not maintained.
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Vegetable oils 91.39 million tons per year 91 million tons of biodiesel per year Growth in profitability of agriculture Use of agricultural land, Only summer diesel Southern agricultural areas Source of raw materials Cod-liver oil Global volumes About 10 million tons per year pros About 10 million tons of biodiesel per year Farming lands are not used, summer and winter diesel cons Regions of biodiesel Raw materials must be extracted at sea and transported to land Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Kuril Islands, Murmansk Region, Magadan region.
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Flow diagram of the plant for production of biodiesel from fish oil 28
Material balance of biodiesel Weed fish 4160 kg Lipids 1040 kg + 114 kg Methanol + KOH 19 kg Transesterification Biodiesel 1000 kg Crude glycerin 100 kg 29
Economic indicators
The annual catch 40.000 tons, price ≈ $ 1 million oil 10.000 tons of cod-liver oil 1 ton of cod-liver oil / 100$ 70% of cost is raw materials 1 ton of biodiesel ≈ 150 -200 $ 1 ton of marine diesel at sea / $ 760 1 kg ≈ 0,15 - 0,20 $
1 кг = 0,76 $
Characteristics of biofuel from different raw materials Fuel parameters Flash point, C Cetane number Ash,% Sulphur content, mg / kg Price, thous.rubles / ton Diesel oil 40-62 45 0,01 0,2 23 (at sea) marine biodiesel 120 51 - - 6 (at sea) 31
Refueling of ships and vessels at sea is carried out with the tankers Production of biodiesel directly on the ships dramatically increases their independence and reduces the need for tankers 32
The annual fuel requirement for large capacity of trawler capacity of 6.000 kW is approximately 7.700 tons of which diesel fuel - 500 tons.
The cost of diesel fuel, including delivery to the sea is about $ 760 per ton. The total cost of fuel consumed per year for a large-trawler is about 300.000 USD.
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Pilot plant receiving fish oil from fish processing waste and weedy fish is placed in a standard 40 feet container Module biodiesel is placed in the second 40 feet container Modular biodiesel plants are fully automated 34
The cost of a modular plant of biodiesel production from weedy species of fish and fish processing waste is 1,688,000 EURO
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When using marine resources can cover all the needs of the Russian fishing fleet is absolutely environmentally safe diesel fuel 36
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