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Chapter 3
Navigating With Rules
Mike Brough
Aug 15 2011
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Chapter 3
Navigating with Rules
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Navigation Rules
Purpose: To prevent collisions
between two boats!!
• General responsibility rule
• No exoneration for neglect of
the rules
• Departure from rules ok to
avoid collision
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How To Prevent
Collisions
•1 Practice good seamanship
•2 Maintain a lookout
•3 Maintain safe speed
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Navigation Rules
• They apply to everyone (No matter size
or kind of vessel)
• Two groups
• Steering and sailing rules “Driving rules”
• Steering and sailing rules – Apply in Any
Condition of Visibility
• Sounds, lights. & shapes “Nautical
communication system”
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Navigation Definitions
• Power driven - vessel propelled by
machinery
2• Sailing - vessel under sail (if engine is
used it is a power vessel)
3• Underway - not anchored, not attached
to shore, a pier, or aground
4• Constant bearing decreasing range this is a collision course
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Meeting Other Boats
•1 Give way vessel – required to change
course and speed
•2 Stand on vessel – must maintain
course and speed
•3 When do these apply?
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Responsibilities Between
Vessels (Hierarchy)
•1 Vessel not under command
•2 Vessel restricted in the ability to
maneuver
•3 Vessel engaged in fishing (with a net)
•4 Sailing vessel (no power)
•5 Power driven vessel
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Meeting Head-On
1
Power
Give Way!
2
Power
Give Way!
Power
Give Way!
Sail
Stand on!
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Crossing Situations
1
Power boat
Stand on
2
Power boat
Give way
Power boat
Give way
Sail boat
Stand on
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Overtaking
1
Give way
Stand on
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Sailboats Encountering
Sailboats
Wind direction
Wind direction
Windward
boat
Leeward
boat
Wind direction
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Wind On Same Side
Wind direction
Give way
Windward
Leeward
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Wind On Different Side
Give way
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Wind From Stern
Give
Way
Wind direction
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Navigation Lights
•1
•2
•3
•4
Side lights
Stern lights
Masthead light
All round white light
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Lights
Sail boats & manually powered boats less
than 22 ft – single white light
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Sailboat At Night
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Sailboat At Night
•1 Green or red only observed
• May be a sailboat under sail
• Give way
•2 Sailboat under sail only
• Always stand-on except when overtaking
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Give Way To Sailboat!
1
Sail
Stand on
Power
Give way
2
3
Sail
Stand on
Sail
Stand on
Power
Give way
Power
Give way
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Lights On Tows
Note: unlit space of several hundred yards
between the lights on the bow and stern
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Night Navigation
Give way
B
Give way
Give way
A
F
E
D
C
Stand on
G
Stand on
Stand on
Give way
H
Give way
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Night Navigation
•1
•2
•3
•4
•5
•6
Make sure navigation lights work
Use all around light at anchor
Reduce speed
Proceed with caution
Be alert
Stop if visibility is severely restricted
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Sound Signals
•1 Why have Sound Signals?
•2 When do you use them?
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Sound Signals
•1
•2
•3
•4
Short blast: about one second long
Prolonged blast: 4 to 6 seconds
Danger Signal: 5 or more short blasts
Blind bend or corner: 1 prolonged blast
• Let Other Boaters Know Where You Are
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Sound Signal
(Maneuvering)
•1 Inland Rules
• Signals indicate intent
• Require an answer of agreement
•2 International Rules
• Signals indicate execution
• No response required unless danger
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Sound Signal
(Maneuvering - International)
Altering Course
to
Port
Altering Course
to
Starboard
S
S S
S S S
Operating Astern Propulsion
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Sound Signals
(Restricted Visibility)
• Restricted visibility is when a boat is
not in sight because of fog, rain,
snow, sand storm etc.
•1 What will a powerboat underway
sound?
•
P @ not more than 2 minutes
2
• A sailboat?
•
P – S – S @ not more than 2 minutes
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Vessel Traffic Service
VTS
•1 Traffic Separation Scheme
2• “Separation Zone”
1,000 + 500 + 1,000 yards
Port to Port 1.4 miles
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Chapter 3 Review
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Review Exercises
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•
The vessel that according to the Navigation
Rules must stay out of another vessel’s way
and take early and substantial action to do so
by altering course and/or speed is called the
_____ vessel.
A• Stand-on
• In-danger
B
C• Give-way
D• High priority
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Review Exercises
• When two powerboats meet bow-tobow, which boat must stay out of the
way of the other?
2
A
•
The boat closest to the wind.
B
• Both boats are give-way vessels.
C
• The boat closest to a northerly heading.
D
• The boat last to sound its maneuvering signal.
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Review Exercises
• A powerboat observing another vessel
crossing its course from off its
starboard side must:
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A
•
speed up to pass ahead of the other vessel.
B
• maintain course and speed.
C
• take early action to keep clear.
D
• signal five short blasts on its whistle.
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Review Exercises
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•
When operating in a narrow channel, you
must keep your vessel:
A
• as close to the outer limit of the channel that lies to
B
•
C
•
D
•
your starboard side as is safe and practicable.
as close to the center of the channel as is safe and
practicable.
as close to the outer limit of the channel that lies to
your port side as is safe and practicable.
with the wind and current on your stern for best
control.
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Review Exercises
• You are fishing for bluefish by trolling a
lure behind your slow-moving boat.
According to the rules you have:
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A
•
special privileges, providing you show the
lights of a vessel engaged in fishing.
B
• priority of movement over all other vessels.
C
• no special rights or privileges.
D
• special privileges, for you are restricted in
maneuverability.
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Review Exercises
• A sailboat with sails raised and
operating using engine power is a:
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A
•
vessel not under command.
B
• vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver.
C
• fast vessel.
D
• power-driven vessel.
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Review Exercises
• If you see two white masthead lights in
a vertical line, you should be prepared
to take action because you are meeting
a:
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A
•
surfaced submarine.
B
• large sport fisherman.
C
• vessel towing or pushing ahead.
D
• night-time sail race.
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Review Exercises
• The signal used when you do not
understand the other boater’s
intentions is:
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A
•
1 short blast of the whistle.
B
• 5 or more short and rapid blasts of the whistle.
• shouting “danger!” as loudly as possible.
C
• rapid and constant waving of the arms.
D
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Review Exercises
• While operating in a thick fog, you hear
one prolonged blast every 2 minutes.
You proceed slowly and watch for a
____.
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A
•
vessel not under command.
B
• vessel engaged in fishing.
C
• sailing vessel underway.
D
• powerboat underway making way.
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End Chapter 3 Rules
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