Work Measurement

• • • • •

Vital inputs for:

Manpower planning Reducing labour costs Scheduling Budgeting Designing incentive systems

Standard Time

Amount of time a qualified worker specified task, working at should spend to complete a sustainable rate , using tools and equipment, raw material and workplace given methods, Most commonly used methods of work measurement:

• Time study • Historical times • Predetermined data • Work sampling

Work Measurement Time Study

• •

Most widely used method of work measurement Especially appropriate for short, repetitive tasks Average of a few properly trained workers’ performed time are taken as the standard Basic steps:

•

Define the task to be studied, and inform the worker(s) who will be studied

• Determine the number of cycles to be observed • Time the job and rate the performance • Compute the standard time

Breakdown of work into elements

Work Measurement

Standard Elemental Time (SET) derived from a firm’s own historical time study data

• A time study department accumulates a file of elemental times that

are common to many jobs

• After a certain point, many elemental times can be retrieved from the

file

• Eliminate need for analysts to go through a complete time study to

obtain those Predetermined Time Standards (PDTS) published data on standard elemental times

• Commonly used system is Method-Time Measurement (MTM) • MTM tables are based on extensive research of basic elemental times

Work Measurement

Work Sampling is a technique for estimating the proportion of time that a worker or machine spends on various activities and the idle time.

appropriate for long, non-repetitive tasks

Two primary uses:

•

Ratio-delay studies: concern the percentage of worker’s time that involves unavoidable delays

•

Analysis of non-repetitive jobs: percentage of time an employee spends doing various jobs

Work Measurement

Observed Time (OT):

simply the average of the recorded times

OT

 

x i n Normal Time (NT):

observed time adjusted for worker performance

NT



OT * PR Standard Time (ST):

normal time required for a job plus an allowance time for different delays

ST



NT * A F

For job time For time worked

AF job

 1 

A AF day

 1  1

A