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Lightning and Surge Protection according to IEC 62305

Damage due to Lightning and Surges

Danger due to Lightning Strokes approx. 1,900,000 lightning strokes in Germany per year* ABC Company MCR 110 kV data 400/230 V TV telephone mobile phone *Ref.: BLIDS, Siemens AG, Analysis of 2001 - 2005

Lightning and Surge Protection

Lightning flasches cloud to earth Quelle: http://thunder.msfc.nasa.gov/images/HRFC_AnnualFlashRate_0.5.png

Lightning and Surge Protection

Branch-specific Costs caused by a One-hour Loss of Production Branch Paper Brewery Car Industry Supplier Power Stations Car Industry (depending on the section) Computing Centre Costs of a one-hour loss of production approx. 10,000 € approx. 10,000 € approx. approx. approx. 12,500 € 90,000 € 250,000 € approx. 500,000 (the potential data loss can no longer be quantified) €

Lightning and Surge Protection

Generation and Effects

Causes of Surges due to Lightning Discharges Direct lightning strike: 1 Striking of external lightning protection system, process structure (in industrial plants), cables etc.

1a Voltage drop at the implse earthing resistance R st 1b Induced voltage in loops 1 2c L1 L2 L3 PEN 2a IT network 1a R st 1b

power supply Lightning and Surge Protection 2b 20 kV Distant lightning Strike: 2a Strike into medium voltage overhead lines 2b Surge travelling waves on overhead lines due to cloud-to-cloud lightning 2c Fields of the lightning strike

Galvanic Coupling Lightning Voltage for a System

û

= î · R

Example: û

= 100 kA · 1



= 100 kV

Surge Protection t

Influences on Electrical Installations Causes of Surges Direct lightning strike (LEMP)

•

Galvanic coupling

•

Inductive / Capacitive coupling Indirect lightning strike

•

Conducted partial lightning currents

•

Inductive / Capacitive coupling M Surges (SEMP)

•

Switching operations

•

Earth faults / Short circuits

• •

Tripping fuses Parallel installation of power and IT conductor systems

Lightning and Surge Protection

Lightning Current Parameters according to IEC 62305 Parameters

I (kA) W/R (MJ/



) Q

(As) Q

long

(As)

200 10 100 200

Lightning Protection Level II

150 5.6

75 150

III-IV

100 2.5

50 100

Lightning and Surge Protection

International Standardisation

IEC 62305 International lightning protection standard

IEC 62305-1 IEC 62305-2 IEC 62305-3 IEC 62305-4 General Principles Risk Management Physical Damage to Structures and Life Hazard Electrical and Electronic Systems

Lightning and Surge Protection

IEC 62305 International lightning protection standard 62305-1 General Principles 62305-2 Risk 62305-3 Physical damage and life hazard

62305-4 Electrical- and electronic systems Lightning and Surge Protection

IEC 62305-2 Risk Management

By working through series of formulae the process allows the user to decide what protection is required. The actual risk (R) must be below the tolerable level (Rt).

The ultimate protection may be the installation of a LPS system. Direct strike lightning arresters (LEMP) and surge arresters (SEMP).

Lightning and Surge Protection

IEC 62305-3 Physical damage to structures and life hazard

Introduction a) External LPS (air termination system, down contuctor‘s, earth termination system).

b) An internal LPS (preventing dangerous sparking using equipotential bonding or separation distance (hence electrical insulation) between external LPS and internal metalwork.

Lightning and Surge Protection

IEC 62305-4 Electrical- and electronic systems within structures

Scope:

Provides information for design, installation, inspection, maintenance and testing of a LEMP protection system (LPM) for electrical and electronic systems within a structure able to reduce risk of permanent failure due to LEMP.

Basic protection measures in a LPM system

–

Earthing and Bonding

–

Magnetic shielding and line routing

–

Direct strike and surge protection

Lightning and Surge Protection

Standardisation of Surge Protective Devices

IEC 61643-1

Performance Requirements of Surge Protective Devices for Low-Voltage Power Supply Systems Class I Protection Against Direct Lightning Currents (Lightning Current Arrester) (10/350 µs) Class II Protection Against Indirect Lightning Effects (Surge Arrester) (8/20 µs) Class III Protection Against Switching Overvoltages (Surge Arrester) (1.2/50 µs; 8/20 µs)

Lightning and Surge Protection

External Lightning Protection System Air Termination System Downconductor Earth Termination System

External Lightning Protection System air termination system down conductor earth termination system

Lightning and Surge Protection

EMC-orientated Lightning Protection Zones Concept

EMC-Orientated Lightning Protection Zones Concept LEMP

down conductor system air ventilation

LPZ 0 B power supply system IT system LPZ 0 A

air-termination system

SEMP

LPZ 1

spatial shield

LPZ 3 LPZ 0 B LEMP

LEMP

terminal device

LPZ 2 Lightning equipotential bonding Lightning current arrester (SPD Type 1) Local equipotential bonding Surge arrester (SPD Type 2, SPD Type 3) LPZ 0 A LPZ 2 LPZ 0 C LPZ 1

steel reinforcement Lightning and Surge Protection foundation earthing electrode 21

Internal Lightning Protection

Lightning Equipotential Bonding Surge Protection Coordination

Internal Lightning Protection System Based on IEC 62305-4 Equipotential Bonding at the Boundary of LPZ Equipotential bonding for all metal parts and supply lines (e.g. metal pipes, electrical power or data lines) which are entering at the boundary of an internal LPZ shall be carried out at equipotential bonding bars which are installed as closely as possible to the point of entry. SPDs with suitable power carrying capacity for electrical power and data lines at the point of entry into the LPZ have always to be installed.

Lightning and Surge Protection

Lightning Equipotential Bonding for incoming Lines EBB lightning equipotential bonding LPZ 0 LPZ 1 power supply water gas heating

M cathodic protected tank pipe foundation earthing electrode Lightning and Surge Protection

Lightning current arrester

Internal Lightning Protection Surge Protective Devices Based on IEC 62305-4 Surge protective devices for capable of safely controlling lightning equipotential bonding must be the partial lightning currents to be expected to flow through them. For this purpose, surge protective devices are chosen according to the requirements on site and installed in accordance with IEC 60364-5-53 The residual voltage at the surge protective device installed into the building, has to be coordinated with the impulse withstand capability of the installation.

Surge protective devices Class I to be installed at the entry of the building, keep a significant part of the from the inside of the building .

power of lightning currents away

Lightning and Surge Protection

What is a Lightning Current Arrester installed into a Power Supply System supposed to perform?

Discharging of lightning currents several times without desctruction of the equipment.

= Discharge capacity 100 kA (10/350 µs) Providing of a lower voltage protection level than the voltage strength of the downstream installation. Extinguishing or limiting of mains follow currents.

Ensuring of the energy coordination to downstream surge protective devices and/or terminal equipment.

Lightning and Surge Protection

1 2 Test Impulse Curent for Lightning Current Arresters Test Impulse Current for Surge Arresters 100 kA I (kA) 80 kA 60 kA 50 kA 40 kA 20 kA 2 20 µs 200 µs

1 Wave form µs] i max.

[kA] Q [As] W/R [J/

]

Standard 350 µs 600 µs Lightning and Surge Protection 1 10/350 100 50 2.5 · 10 6 IEC 62305-1 2 8/20 5 0.1

0.4 · 10 3 EN 60060-2 800 µs t (µs)

1000 µs

Overvoltage Categories according to IEC 60364-4-44 Use of Surge Protective Devices (SPD) rated voltage withstand voltage 6 kV 4 kV voltage level protection



2.5kV



1.5 kV SDB 2.5 kV 1.5 kV household appliances sensitive devices terminal device SE 230/400 V M SPD Type (SPD class) 1 ( I )

2 ( II ) ( 3 III ) Lightning and Surge Protection 3 ( IV )

Surge Protection

What is a Surge Arrester installed into a Power Supply System supposed to perform?

Discharging of impulse currents (8/20 µs) several times without destroying the terminal equipment = 20 x nominal discharge capacity 5 - 20 kA (8/20 µs) Voltage protection level lower than the electrical strength of the downstream terminal devices = Voltage protection level



1,500 V

Lightning and Surge Protection

Overvoltage Categories according to IEC 60364-4-44 Use of Surge Protective Devices (SPD) rated voltage withstand voltage 6 kV voltage protection level



2.5kV

4 kV



1.5 kV SDB 2.5 kV 1.5 kV household appliances sensitive devices terminal device SE 230/400 V M SPD Type (SPD class) 1 ( I )

2 (II) 3 ( III ) Lightning and Surge Protection 3 ( IV )

Coordination of SPDs

Energy Coordination of SPDs Based on IEC 62305-4 As soon as two or more SPDs are connected in series, the coordination of the SPDs and the equipment to be protected has to be checked.

Energy coordination is achieved as soon as the ratio of energy for all impulse currents for each SPD is equal or less than corresponds to its power withstand capability.

The power withstand capability can be determined – by an electrical test according to IEC 61643-1, – from the technical data of the manufacturer of the SPDs Conclusion: The coordination of the SPDs can only be verified by the manufacturer!

Lightning and Surge Protection

Energy Coordination of Surge Protective Devices (SPDs) input interference; lightning impulse current 10/350 µs residual interference impulse current 8/20 µs 230 / 400 V residual interference uncritical for terminal device terminal device ?

DEHNbloc ® M

DEHNguard ® S DEHNsafe Lightning and Surge Protection

varistor S 20 K 275

Energy Coordination Overview: SPDs Type 1

230/400 V SE M DEHNventil ® DEHNventil ® M ZP Combined SPD Voltage protection level  1.5 kV DEHNbloc ® M DEHNgap M Coordinated lightning current arrester Voltage protection level  2.5 kV DEHNbloc ® H Lightning current arrester Voltage protection level  4 kV © 2012 DEHN + SÖHNE / protected by ISO 16016 Surge Protection SDB Red / Line Type 3 Terminal Unit Red / Line Type 2 Red / Line Type 3 Terminal Unit Red / Line Type 2 Red / Line Type 3 Terminal Unit

Examples of Lightning current and surge arrester

DEHNventil ® M Characteristics Low voltage protection level = Protection for terminal devices Plastic snap-in device with “parking position“ = Quick installation Leakage-current-free operating state and fault indication for all protective circuits Remote signalling contact as floating changeover contact

Capable of carrying lightning currents = For use in lightning protection level Easy exchange of protection modules ...

Lightning and Surge Protection ... due to module releasing button Coding in base part and protection module = Safe application Leakage-current-free protective circuit = Allows for use upstream of meter panels

Coordinated lightning current arrester DEHNbloc



M Type: DB M 1 255 (FM) / Part No.: 961 120 (961 125) Coordinated, single-pole Type 1 lightning current arrester in accordance with EN 61643-11 with a modular device design RADAX-Flow technology Follow current extinguishing capability a.c.: up to 50 kA rms Type of connection to earth TN/TT 230/400 V a.c.

Maximum continuous operating voltage a.c.

U C = 255 V a.c.

Encapsulated, non-exhausting creepage spark gap Lightning impulse current (10/350 μs): 50 kA Directly coordinated to DEHNguard S 275 (FM) surge protective devices without additional cable length Voltage protection level



2.5 kV Optionally available with remote signalling contact for central monitoring units (floating changeover contact)

Lightning and Surge Protection

Red / Line

DEHNguard ® M Family SPD Type 2 DEHNguard ® S (FM) DEHNguard ® DEHNguard ® M TN 275 (FM) M TT 2P 275 (FM)

Lightning and Surge Protection DEHNguard ® DEHNguard ® DEHNguard ® M TNC 275 (FM) M TNS 275 (FM) M TT 275 (FM)

DEHNguard



M Family Characteristics



High-capacity varistor-based SPD - Nominal discharge current I n (20x) = 20 kA (8/20 µs) - Maximum discharge current I max (1x) = 40 kA (8/20 µs) - Low voltage protection level at I n = 1.25 kV



High safety due to Thermo Dynamic Control SPD controlling device



Operating state and fault indication of all protective circuits, free of operating and leakage currents



Energy coordinated within the Red/Line product family



5 application-specific circuit types with and without remote signalling contact = 10 types of devices

Lightning and Surge Protection

Surge Protective Device Type 3 Use in Distribution Boards / Switchgear Cabinets SPS Protector

DEHNrail modular (FM) Lightning and Surge Protection DEHNrail M 4P 255

Characteristics of the DEHNrail M (DR M ....) Series

  

Discharge current up to 8 kA Different nominal voltages, from 24 V up to 230 V Maximum operating current: 25 A



Low voltage protection level L to N and L/N to PE

 

Operating state and fault indication, free of operating and leakage currents

Lightning and Surge Protection