Transcript persuasive_strate - El Sereno Middle School

Persuasive
Strategies
Questions/Main Ideas
What is Persuasion?
What is a “claim?”
Questions/Main Ideas
What is “logos?”
What is “pathos?”
What is “ethos?”
What is “kairos?"
Questions/Main Ideas
What is the “audience?”
What is a “counterargument?”
What is “counter to the
counterargument?”
What is Persuasion?
A means of convincing people:
• to buy a certain product
• to believe something or act in
a certain way
• to agree with a point of view
Claim
State your argument.
Chocolate is a healthy
snack.
Animals should not be used
for the testing of products
The Death Penalty is an
appropriate punishment
Logos
Facts, numbers, and information.
an appeal to logic or reason.
4 out of 5
people use
“Whammo!”
A Snickers bar
has 280 calories
and 30 grams of
sugar. That’s not
very healthy. “It just makes sense to use this.”
Pathos
Getting people to feel happy,
sad, or angry
“Your donation
An appeal to emotions
might just get
this puppy off the
street and into a
good home.”
“Feel better faster
with ….”
Ethos
Get people believe and trust in you;
listen to their conscience – their
sense of right and wrong
Believe me! I’ve been
there before. I’m just like
you.
Kairos
convince your audience that this
issue is so important they must act
now.
“This is a one-time
offer. You can’t get
this price after today.”
“But wait! If you act
now, you can get
this free gift!
Research
Using reliable research can help
your argument seem convincing.
“A recent study found
that students who
watch TV during the
week don’t do as well
in school.”
Big Names
Expert Opinion
Important people or experts can
make your argument seem more
convincing.
Former U.S. president Bill
Clinton thinks that junk food
should be taken out of vending
machines.
Professional Skateboarder
Eric Kosten and his Nike shoes
Bandwagon
“wanting to belong”
You’ll have just what others have;
something should be done because
the majority of people do it (or wish
to do it).
But Mom! Everyone
else is going!!
Testimonial
A ordinary citizen telling
the virtue of a product or idea
Snob Appeal
Means you’re using the “best”
product
Buzzwords
Using words that are popular and
vague like “pure and natural”
Audience
Who are you trying
to convince?
Mom?
Dad?
Teacher?
Friend?
Police Officer?
Counselor
Counter-argument
When you counterargue,
• you consider a possible
argument against your
idea/proposal/reason
• then state why your
claim is still good.
Counter-argument
2 stages:
1. You first imagine a reader, who
doesn’t share your opinion by saying:
Someone might object here that…
It might seem that…
 Some people might say …
On the other hand ….
Counter-argument
2. You
then:
 Show why it is not a real problem
 Agree that the argument is true, but
suggest why it’s less important than
your idea
 However ….
 But …
 While this may be true ….
The Assignment
• Write 250-word persuasive essay
Topic/issue from the list – brief
description
Claim - your “position” on the topic
3 Body paragraphs with the reasons and
supporting details
Counterargument
Counter to the counterargument
Conclusion – short!
The Assignment
Use 3 of the following
Use 3 of the
following strategies: techniques:
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Logos
Pathos
Ethos
Kairos
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Research
Big names
Expert Opinion
Bandwagon
Testimonial
Buzzwords
Snob appeal
The Assignment
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Death penalty
Prayer in school
High school exit exam
Product testing on animals
Tougher middle school culmination requirements
Tracking students according to ability
Required completion of 75 hours of community
service to graduate from high school
• Social promotion in middle school