Transcript Pseudo-hyponymy(假上下义关系)

hyponymy
By Feather
class 2
hyponymy
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what is hyponymy ?
hyponym and superordinate
Pseudo-hyponymy
Quasi-hyponymy
General superordinates
Benefit from learning hyponymy
supplement
definition
• Hypo- ;
"below", "low",
• In our text book, hyponymy involves us in the
notion of inclusion, that is to say, hyponymy is
the relationship of inclusion. Inclusion refers
to including or being included.(上下义关系 )
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Hyponym (下义词)
• Hyponym is any of a group of specific
terms whose meanings are included in
a more general term (superordinate),
• eg : spaniel(长毛垂耳狗) and terrier（小
猎狗） are hyponyms of dog.
• Hyponym is also called subordinate
2nd implication rules of hyponym
• In semantics hyponymy is described
according to unilateral implication(单向
包含)
language
English
Hyponym and superordinate
• Whether a word is a hyponym or a
superordinate is determined by their
relationship with other terms
• eg. flower & rose
flower & plant
food
meat
pork
vegetable
fruit
beef cabbage potato apple peach
Pseudo-hyponymy(假上下义关系)
• Not so strictly defined ; lax hyponymy
• It does not correspond to the
implication rule of hyponymy.
• eg. goods ----doll knife bag necklace book watch
Quasi-hyponymy(相似上下义关系)
• it shows a way to link a
• superordinate to its subordinates
through grammatical classes different
from each other。
• Eg. pencil-----• write; study; picture; blue; black
General superordinates
• General superordinates(普通上义词)
• Eg. Items, objects, things , living things,
creature
Benefit from learning hyponymy
• a better understanding in
comprehensive reading
• It helps us write excellent articles
a better understanding in
comprehensive reading
• It was a spring without voice. On the
mornings that had once throbbed with
the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds,
doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other
bird voices there was now no sound;
only silence lay over the fields and
woods and marsh.
example
• Only in the evenings, as the air cooled
and the water darkened, and the
surface was broken with the silver
dances of the rising shoals. Would you
perhaps get a bite or two, a baby
perch(河鲈) sucking at the worm, a
roach(石斑鱼) no bigger than a sardine.
supplement
living
vegetation animal (动物)
animal
（哺乳动物）
human
fish
bird
insect
animal（除人以外的兽类）
The End
Thanks for listening!