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3 KINDS OF MATTER Elements Compounds Mixtures Elements All (living and nonliving) of the different kinds of matter in the universe is made from about 100 different substances, called elements. Elements are called the building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of elements. Elements Elements are the simplest pure substance. An element can not be changed into a simpler substance by heating or any chemical process. The smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element is called an atom. An atom is the basic building block of matter. There are more than one hundred known elements in the universe listed on the periodic table of elements. These elements combine in such a way to create millions of compounds. Elements In 1813, a system of representing elements with symbols was introduced. Each symbol consists of one or two letters. Two letters are needed for a chemical symbol when the first letter of that element’s name has already been used. Common Elements Aluminum Bromine Calcium Carbon Gold Helium Hydrogen Nitrogen Al Br Ca C Au He H N Compounds Compounds A compound is a substance made of two or more different kinds of elements chemically combined in a specific ratio. Each compound is represented by a formula that uses symbols to identify which elements are present. A formula shows the ratio of elements in the compound. H2O – ratio of Hydrogen is 2:1 Oxygen Compounds and Mixtures Most of the matter around you is in the form of compounds or mixtures. Water, carbon dioxide, salt, vinegar, baking soda, lye, sugar, gasoline, and bleach are all chemical compounds. The symbols make up the formula. A formula is just chemical shorthand for the compound. Count the capital letters to find the number of elements in any compound The subscript lets us know how many atoms are present. Practice: How many elements are in the following? Glucose C6H12O6 Carbon Dioxide CO2 Mixtures and compounds differ in two ways… Substances in a mixture keep their individual properties. Parts of a mixture are not necessarily present in specific ratios. By asking these questions scientists can classify matter into: Mixtures – two or more substances that are not chemically combined with each other and can be separated by physical means. The substances in a mixture retain their individual properties. Solutions – a special kind of mixture where one substance dissolves in another. Elements – simplest form of pure substance. They cannot be broken into anything else by physical or chemical means. Compounds – pure substances that are the unions of two or more elements. They can be broken into simpler substances by chemical means. Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks Element, Compound, or Mixture? Rocks Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper Element, Compound, or Mixture? Copper Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans Element, Compound, or Mixture? Jelly Beans Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar Element, Compound, or Mixture? Table Sugar Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond Element, Compound, or Mixture? Diamond Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea Element, Compound, or Mixture? Tea Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salt Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas Element, Compound, or Mixture? Neon Gas Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad Element, Compound, or Mixture? Salad Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water Element, Compound, or Mixture? Pure Water Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum Element, Compound, or Mixture? Aluminum Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade Element, Compound, or Mixture? Lemonade Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver Element, Compound, or Mixture? Silver