Transcript Rickartlecture2A - Biology Courses Server

GRANDORDER UNGULATA
ORDERS:
Condylarthra
Mesonychia
extinct ancestral
ungulates
Perissodactyla
Artiodactyla
Litopterna
Notoungulata
Pyrotheria
Xenungulata
Astrapotheria
“odd-toed” ungulates
“even-toed” ungulates
extinct South American
ungulates
Tubulidentata - aardvark
Proboscidea – elephants
Hyracoidea – hyraxes
Sirenia – manatees/dugongs
Cetacea
whales
“subungulate”
orders
PLACENTAL PHYLOGENY
(nuclear genes)
1 species
3 genera, 6 species
PROBOSCIDEAN PHYLOGENY
DEINOTHERIDAE
GOMPHOTHERIIDAE
Gomphotherium
Platybelodon
MASTODONTIDAE
Mammut
ELEPHANTIDAE
PROBOSCIDEAN TEETH
ELEPHANT
MASTODON
3 species
2 species (1 extinct)
ORDER MESONYCHIA
Arctocyon
Sinonyx
Diatryma
Pachyaena
ORDER MESONYCHIA
ORDER MESONYCHIA
CETACEAN PHYLOGENY
SUBORDER ODONTOCETI
17 genera, 32 species
4 genera, 6 species
4 genera, 5 species
2 genera, 2 species
6 genera, 19 species
2 genera, 3 species
SUBORDER MYSTICETI
2 genera, 3 species
1 species
2 genera, 6 species
1 species
ODONTOCETES
MYSTICETES
SIZE
mostly small (<5 m)
large
males > females in size
VOCALIZATION
high-frequency sounds
echolocation
& communication
DIET
vertebrates
MOVEMENTS
mainly local
Physeter migratory
females > males
low-frequency (some)
communication
filter-feeding
migratory
SOCIAL STRUCTURE
variable in both groups, including harem polygyny,
small female kin groups, seasonal migratory groups.