Transcript C1 - Immigration - Radford High School
IMMIGRATION
Reasons, Methods & Attitudes
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Vocabulary
Push factor:
reasons why an individual leaves their country
Pull factor:
reasons why an individual enters a certain country
Immigrant
: an individual moving from one country to another
Immigrate
: entering another country with an intent to settle there
Emigrate:
leaving one’s country for another country with the intent to settle
Persecution
: Unfair treatment based on discrimination or prejudiced attitudes.
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Connection to Industrial Revolution
Immigrants were important to the nations industrial revolution Immigration has ALWAYS been an important part United States history 4
Old Immigrants
Before 1890.
Mostly from Northern and Western Europe.
Countries like Britain, Ireland and Germany Some of these immigrants moved to American cities, some to farms and small towns 5
New Immigrants
Beginning in 1890 (mostly) Many immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe Places like Italy, Greece and Russia and Poland Also immigrants from Japan, China and Mexico Most of these immigrants moved to American cities 6
Quick Quiz
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What is a push/pull factor?
What does emigrate mean?
How were immigrants important to the Ind. Rev?
Describe the “Old Immigrants” Describe “New Immigrants” 7
PUSH FACTORS
Why did immigrants want to leave the countries that they came from?
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Push Factors
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Europe was experiencing an Industrial Revolution so…
Europe’s agrarian economy was ending Harvest machines put farmers out of work Craftspeople were replaced by factories Wealthy landowners charged high rent 9
Push Factors (cont.)
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Overpopulation
The population in Europe between 1870 and 1900 had doubled resulting in scarce land and resources.
Competing for Land, food, & jobs 10
Push Factors (cont.)
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Political/Religious tension The Jews of Russia
lived in restricted settlements and had few legal rights. They were beaten, murdered, raped and had their homes destroyed 1/3 of Russian Jews emigrated to U.S.
Anti-Jewish discrimination is called Anti-Semitism
Refugees from Mexico
After 1910 political tension in Mexico caused Mexicans to flee Mexico and settle in the Southwest region of the United States 11
Jewish Russians & Mexican Refugees 12
Religious Persecution in Russia
“Alfred Levitt was a Jewish person living in Russia. During this time, Jews were hated in Russia. Organized attacks called pogroms, sometimes assisted by the government, were carried out against Russian Jews. Many thousands were killed. In 1905, every Jewish owned business in Alfred’s town was ransacked and looted. His mother hid him from the attackers. As the family huddled in fear, they longed for a better life.”
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Quick Quiz
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Explain how the Industrial Revolution in Europe was a push factor for emigration? (4 facts) Explain how Overpopulation was a push factor for emigration? (2 facts) Explain how Religious persecution and political tension were push factors for emigration? (4 facts) 14
PULL FACTORS
What reasons were causing immigrants to want to COME to the United States?
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Pull Factors
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Recruitment for Jobs
American Factories sent representatives to get workers from Europe to work in their factories
Better Living Conditions
In the United States… Food was plentiful Land was easier to buy Wages/Salaries were higher 16
Russian Child’s View of U.S.
“In Russia everyone thought that America was such a rich country that you could literally find gold in the streets.”
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Pull Factors
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California Gold Rush
Promises of fortune 1851-1883 300,000 Chinese came seeking gold
Homestead Act of 1862
“any adult citizen (or person intending to become a citizen) who headed a family could qualify for a grant of 160 acres of public land by paying a small registration fee and living on the land continuously for 5 years.“ Land grants (free) for farmers 18
Pull Factors
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National
Reclamation Act
Passed in 1902 Created new farmland in Western states, government irrigation projects 19
Quick Quiz
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Thoroughly explain each of the following Pull Factors to the United States: Recruitment for jobs 2.
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Better living conditions California Gold Rush Homestead Act of 1862 National Reclamation Act 1902 20
JOURNEY TO AMERICA
How did Immigrants get to the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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Common Methods of Transportation
Improvements in transportation, dramatically shortened the time it took to journey to U.S.
Those who journeyed across oceans mostly used steam ships like Titanic Trips across the Atlantic Ocean took about one week Trips across the Pacific took about three weeks 22
Ellis Island
Small island in New York Harbor Most European Immigrants coming to America during the late 1800s and early 1900s had to stop here.
If you did not pass health tests you were sent back 23
Angel Island
Small island in San Francisco Bay Most immigrants from Asia during the late 1800s and early 1900s had to stop here before being allowed to enter America Immigrants passing through here were treated more harshly than immigrants at Ellis Island due to anti-Asian prejudice 24
RESPONSES TO IMMIGRATION
What were Americans’ reactions to immigration during the late 1800s and early 1900s?
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Nativism
Some Americans were suspicious or fearful of immigrants because they were new and different.
Many anti-immigrant groups emerged like the Immigration Restriction League (1894) Some protestant Americans held prejudiced beliefs against Catholics and Jews; many of the newer immigrants were members of these religions 26
Chinese Exclusion Act
Passed by congress in 1882 Ended ALL immigration from China to the U.S.
It was continuously extended every ten years until it was repealed (removed) in 1943 27
Gentlemen’s Agreement
The government of Japan was upset because Japanese Americans were being segregated in the Public Schools of San Francisco President Teddy Roosevelt and the leaders of Japan reached a “Gentlemen’s Agreement”
Japan promised to limit emigration to the U.S in exchange for U.S. ending anti Japanese segregation
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Quick Quiz
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What was the most common method of transportation to the United states in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Explain Ellis and Angel island and their differences and similarities?
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Explain each of the following reactions to immigration Nativism b.
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Chinese Exclusion Act Gentlemen’s Agreement 29