Chapter 15 Section 5

Chapter 15 Section 5: Decisive Battles Learning Target: I can describe the significance of the battles at Vicksburg and Gettysburg.

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Warm Up Questions: 1. Why did some in the North oppose the war?

2. Why did some in the South oppose the war?

3. How did the war affect the economy?

4. If you had $300 what did you have the option to buy out of?

5. Due to the fact that most men were off fighting what jobs did women now have to do?

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Terms and People:

• siege – an attempt to capture a place by surrounding it with military forces and cutting it off until the people inside surrender • total war an enemy’s army, its resources, and its people’s will to fight – all-out attacks aimed at destroying • William Tecumseh Sherman army general – tough Union Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

How did Lincoln and his generals turn the tide of the war?

By 1863, there seemed to be no end in sight to the Civil War. Decisive battles at would change the war’s course and enable the Union to win. Gettysburg and Vicksburg Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Late in 1862, the war began to go badly for the North once again.

General Burnside overcompensated for McClellan’s caution and lost many men in the Battle of Fredericksburg.

General Hooker’s army lost the Battle of Chancellorsville to an army half its size.

Also, General Lee began leading his troops north in the hopes of winning the war.

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Two key battles in 1863 turned the tide of the war for the Union—Gettysburg and Vicksburg.

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5 Battle of Gettysburg

The first decisive battle took place in the tiny town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.

The battle started when Union soldiers discovered Confederates raiding a shoe factory.

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Lee wanted to gain a victory in the North for two reasons: - Demoralize the Northern population.

- Possibly gain British support.

85,000 Union troops vs. 75,000 Confederates Battle lasted three days, July 1-3 1863.

Pickett’s charge was the climax of the battle, an all out frontal assault by the Confederates which was crushed and resulted in 7,500 casualties.

General Lee lost nearly one-third of his troops in the three-day battle. Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Virginia Monument Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

The South also suffered a major loss in Vicksburg. For six weeks, Grant laid

siege

to the town.

Residents hid in caves and ate rats to keep from starving.

In July 1863, the Confederates gave up. It was the last city on the Mississippi River still in Confederate hands.

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Chapter 15 Section 5

In November 1863, 15,000 people gathered at Gettysburg to honor the soldiers who died there.

In his Gettysburg Address, Lincoln looked ahead to a final Union victory.

Gettysburg Address

“We here highly resolve that…this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom ….” Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5 Grant

In 1864, President Lincoln gave command of all Union forces to General Ulysses S. Grant. Grant’s huge army began hammering at the Confederates in a series of battles.

Lee began running out of men and supplies, but Grant had a steady stream of both.

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5 Sherman’s March

Meanwhile, General

William Tecumseh Sherman

led another Union army toward Atlanta.

Sherman was a tough soldier who believed in

total war

.

Sherman’s troops captured Atlanta, and Sherman ordered it to be burned. Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

From Atlanta, they moved east, destroying everything in their path.

This is known as Sherman’s March to the Sea.

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

What would be railroads be used to transport during the Civil War?

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Decisive Battles

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Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5 Lee Surrenders

On April 9,1865, Confederate General Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House. Grant offered Lee generous terms.

The Confederates had only to give up their weapons and leave in peace.

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Chapter 15 Section 5

The Civil War was the bloodiest conflict the U.S. has ever fought. Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5 Results

The Civil War had two key results.

It reunited the nation.

It put an end to slavery.

However, African Americans would not begin to experience full freedom for another 100 years.

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Closing Questions:

1. What is one major result of the Battle of Gettysburg?

2. What is one major result of the Battle of Vicksburg?

3. Who took total control of the Union Army?

4. What happened at Appomattox Courthouse?

5. What did General William Tecumseh Sherman do?

Decisive Battles

Chapter 15 Section 5

Section Review

QuickTake Quiz Know It, Show It Quiz Decisive Battles