How NASA Balances Safety & Risk in Harsh Environments
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Transcript How NASA Balances Safety & Risk in Harsh Environments
How NASA Balances Safety & Risk in
Harsh Environments
Trey Hall
The Rothe Companies
With Team Raytheon
Similarities – Space & Subsea
Operating in Remote, Hostile Environments
(Except weight and opposite pressure gradients)
Astronauts
& Divers
Subsea Fields &
Lunar/Mars
Settlements
Satellites &
Capping
Stacks
Historically
Common
Roots
We Have a Lot to Learn from
One Another
We’ve grown up independently,
But never really compared notes,
Though we’re close neighbors.
We’re learning tough lessons.
We’re meeting the Challenges of Complex Modern
Systems.
It’s time to compare notes….
Capturing Lessons-Learned &
Improving
Benchmarking Best Practices
Planning &
Execution
Challenger
Command & Control
Architecture
Piper Alpha
Simulations, Joint
Integrated Sims
Columbia
Macondo
Teamwork, Coordination, &
Communication Protocol
Emergency Response,
Crisis Mgmt
Murphy Evolves & Lives!
• Growing Systems
Sophistication Require
Sophisticated Systems
Engineering & Management
– Advanced Systems Take ~7
Combined Failures to Create
Catastrophic Results
• Yet, Our Human Nature Resists Change
•
•
•
•
Repeated Mistakes and Lessons-Learned
We Still Succumb to Budget & Schedule Pressure
We Still Engage in Group Think and Shared Rationalisms
We Still Create Faulty Consensus and the Illusion of
Invulnerability
Challenges & Course Corrections
• With System Advances and
Stubborn Human Tendencies,
We Must Remain Vigilant and
Aware
• Arrogance in the Face of Subtle
(and not-so-Subtle) Warnings
Can be Deadly
• Key Component: Humility
• Real Possibility that Comprehensive Worker Understanding may
Decrease with Growth in Systems Sophistication
• Separating Noise from Important, Actionable Data
Challenger & Columbia
• Similar Themes to Piper-Alpha, Macondo
• Key Contributor: Command & Control Architecture,
Communications Protocol, affected by different cultures in
Management, Engineering, & Operations
• Dissenting Opinions Were Not Effectively Heard or Listened To
• Intimidation Lead to Acquiescence
• Ultimate Consequences Were Realized
• Challenger Cold O-Rings Blowby Explosion
• Columbia Ice Wing Leading Edge Crack Plasma Structural Failure
The Pull Towards Disaster
• The More Momentum that is Gained Towards a Decided
Action, and the Nearer it is in Time, the Harder it is to Change
Direction
– This is True Even in the Presence of New Information that Would Have
Otherwise Changed the Original Decision
• Challenger Launch Delayed Twice, Agency Under Schedule Pressure,
Funding Being Debated in Congress
• Cold Temperatures at the Launch Pad Were Below O-Ring Specifications
• Even After an Issue has been Identified, Blinders may Actively
Prevent Presentation of New Important Information or
Capabilities that Could Change the Ultimate Outcome
– Satellite Survey of Shuttle Wings Offered But Rejected
Change
• Because of Genuine Reflection, Self Study, and
Industry Best-Practices Benchmarking, NASA has
Reassessed Certain Practices
– Recognize, Elevate, and Evaluate Dissenting Opinions
– Institute Training to Identify and Avoid Group Think, and
Encourage Situational Awareness
• Create Open Communication Climate
• Avoid Isolation; Encourage Participation
• Implement Critical Evaluations; Independent Opinions (Devil’s
Advocates)
Technical Competence & Preparation
• Looking at Data From Multiple Viewpoints to Ensure
Understanding
• Safety Professional Credibility
– Earned Through Competency, Trust, Collaboration
• Ability to Recognize or Identify When Table-Top
Training or Computer Simulations Are Not Enough
• NASA Trains Astronauts for ExtraVehicular Activities using TableTop & Virtual Reality Training, But Also Underwater in a HighFidelity, 3-D Physically-Accurate Environment.
• Nothing Else Quite Compares, and More Sufficiently Identifies
Issues
Neutral Buoyancy Lab
102’ wide x 202’ long x 40’ deep; 6.2M Gal FW;
~86 deg F.,
Controlled, Instrumented Environment
Reliable Up-Time, Even in Inclement Weather
Vertically-Integrated Capabilities (Configuration,
Testing, Simulation, Animation, Engineering,
Manufacturing, Logistics, & Dive Staff)
ISO
9001-2008
Facility
World Class Safety
OSHA VPP Star of Excellence multiple-awardee
No Lost Time: In-water Dive
Ops: 183,622 + hours
No Lost Time: Days Away
Incidents for 1792 + Days
No Lost Time: Restricted
Work Cases for 2656 + Days
Safety Cultures are Similar
Safety & Test Readiness Reviews, Pre-Op & Post-Op Reviews
#’s as of June 2013
NBL Capabilities
On-site Oceaneering
Millennium Working Class ROV
Inspection-Class ROV
Two High Bays for Integration,
Staging and Test
Overhead/Overwater Bridge
Cranes, Jib and Davits
Dive Ops/SCUBA; Nitrox, Air,
Surface-Supply
Underwater Video & Comm; Control Rooms; IT & Data
Systems; Conference & Classrooms.
Vertically-Integrated Capabilities: Engrg thru Mfg.
Real-Time Brainstorming & Problem Solving
Rapid Prototyping, Design-Fab-Test Cycles
Concept ROV-Operable BOP Panels
Fully-Functional Intervention Interfaces
NASA Use & Background
NASA Enhances
Simulation, Virtual Reality,
and Table Top Training with
In-Water “0-g” Training
Complex Operations in
Remote, Hostile
Environment
High Consequence
Operations Requiring High
Confidence and Control
Process/Procedure Development, Optimization
Key Steps to Success
Nominal Task, Off-Nominal Response
Anticipated & Prepared-For in Advance
Makes the Unexpected More Manageable
Why is the NBL Available?
Shuttle Retired
Space Station Assembly is
Complete
Less Astronaut Training
Creating “Excess Capacity”
Pipeline
Inspection
Test
Articles
We’re making this National
Asset available to external users
Oil & Gas is a Natural Fit
The NBL is a great Test Basin
for O&G
Mfg Facility
Why Use the NBL?
Computer Sims and Dry SITs are Incredibly
Valuable, but Sometimes Not Enough for Complex
Systems and Tasks.
Computer Sims can add environmental
conditions (current, turbidity), large-scale
functionality, but can be idealistic
Augment Sims and Dry SITs with 3-D, Hi-Fi
Submerged Test Environment (Wet SITs)
Improve Safety
Save Time
Reduce Expense
Vessel Mob/DeMob, Vessel Day Rates,
Execution Delays, Work Replanning, Re-Work
Why Use the NBL?
Improve Confidence; Increase Test Realism
Accelerate Critical Project Schedules
Optimize Productivity & Efficiency of Key HoustonBased Resources
Maximize Situational Awareness
Improve Wet SIT Reliability
Near 100% Facility Uptime
Increase Simulation and Training Fidelity
Actual Underwater Environment
Buoyancy, Resistance, Added Mass
Full Use of System Controls
Thrust, Tool Behavior, System Response
Reduce Operational Risk
Define Task Requirements, Refine Processes
and Procedures, Optimize Timelines, Perform
Efficiency Trade Studies
Why Use the NBL?
Improve Preparation; Ensuring
Operational Readiness prior to
moving to deepwater environment.
Enhance Project Execution;
Improve Data upon which to base
real-time decisions
Improve Ability to React to
Unexpected Events
Diver Supported Testing
Optimize Training to Verify
Competency in Advance
Example: Agbami West Africa Subsea Project
36 Missions: 18 As-Planned; 15 Modified RealTime; 3 Failures Totally Re-Planned Real Time
Applications in Oil & Gas and
Deep Offshore Technology
Autonomous
Underwater Vehicle
Testing &
Development
3-D Mapping
Subsea Technology
Research &
Development Testing
Pipeline
Inspection, Down
Hole Sensors, Etc.
Atmospheric Dive Systems Tests & Certification
Lloyd’s Certification
Applications in Oil & Gas and
Deep Offshore Technology
Cascade Chinook
FSHR Buoyancy Can
Chain Inspection and
Repair Feasibility &
Solution Trade Studies
Prototyping &
Hardware Production
10 day SIT
Thunder Horse Water Injection Process
Development; 22 day SIT
Working Class ROV Systems
Integration Testing
Applications in Oil & Gas and
Deep Offshore Technology
OPITO-approved Safety & Survival
Training, including HUET, BOSIET, Major
Emergency Management (MEM)Training
(Similar to NASA Flight Controller Training)
Underwater Systems Integrated Ops:
AUVs, ROVs, ADSs
Integrated Engineering and
Manufacturing
Animation & Simulation
Future Applications in Oil & Gas
Broad Scale Joint Integrated Sims
Compliance for ROV Pilots (BOP Intervention)
ROV Test &Training Center of Excellence
Best of All Worlds – Training, Simulation, Wet SITs,
Competency, Confidence
Where? In Your Backyard
Only 22
Miles from
Downtown
Houston
Conclusion
Over the Years, NASA – like Offshore Oil & Gas – has
Learned Valuable Lessons in Managing Risk and
Improving Safety Through Communication, Recognition of
Human Traits, Maintaining Vigilance, and Improving
Preparation Through High-Fidelity Simulations.
When There is Only One
Chance to Safely Do It Right, or
as an Intermediate Step to Sea
Trails, Enhance Preparation and
Execution with High-Fidelity Wet
SITs in a Local, Reliable,
Controlled Environment, Saving
Time and Resources.
Reduce Complex Operations
Risk in Hostile, Remote
Environments.
You’re Invited; Come See Us!
Contact information
Trey Hall, V.P./C.O.O.
The Rothe Companies
NBL External Customer Office Manager
[email protected]
C: 713-829-7466
www.Rothe.com
Or, Contact NASA or any of our Team Mates