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Chapter 3 Suffixes Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Suffixes and Terminology NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -algia pain -cele hernia -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid -coccus berry-shaped bacterium -cyte cell Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -dynia pain -ectomy excision, removal -emia blood condition -genesis condition of producing, forming -gram record Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 3 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -graph instrument for recording -graphy process of recording -itis inflammation -logy study of -lysis breakdown, destruction, separation Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 4 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -malacia softening -megaly enlargement -oma tumor, mass, collection of fluid -opsy to view (under a microscope) -osis condition, usually abnormal Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 5 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -pathy disease condition -penia deficiency -phobia fear -plasia development, formation, growth -plasty surgical repair Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 6 QUICK QUIZ: 1. Which term means fear of heights? A. acromegaly B. hydrophobia C. acrophobia D. agoraphobia Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 7 Suffixes and Terminology NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -ptosis drooping, sagging, prolapse -sclerosis hardening -scope instrument for visual examination -scopy process of visual examination -stasis stopping, controlling Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 8 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -stomy opening to form a mouth (stoma) -therapy treatment -tomy incision, cutting into -trophy development, nourishment Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 9 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) SHORTER NOUN SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -er one who -ia condition -ist -ole -ule -um, ium -us -y specialist little, small little, small structure, tissue structure, substance condition, process Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -ac, iac pertaining to -al pertaining to -ar, ary pertaining to -eal pertaining to -genic pertaining to producing, produced by or in Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Suffixes and Terminology (cont’d) ADJECTIVE SUFFIXES Suffix Meaning -ic, ical pertaining to -oid resembling -ose pertaining to, full of -ous pertaining to -tic pertaining to Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Build Terms with Suffixes and Combining Forms Combining Forms + Suffix Meaning arthr/itis blephar/o/ptosis loss of normal blood flow produced by bone tissue berry-shaped bacteria that grow in clusters isch/emia oste/o/genic staphyl/o/cocci inflammation of joint drooping eyelid Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Blood Cell Types Erythrocytes Red Blood cells Leukocytes White Blood cells Thrombocytes Clotting cells Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 14 QUICK QUIZ: 2. Which type of blood cells are necessary for clotting? A. erythrocytes B. granulocytes C. monocytes D. thrombocytes Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 15 Review: Hernia Protrusion of an organ through the cavity that normally contains it Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 16 QUICK QUIZ: 3. A rectocele is… A. a herniation of the intestines B. protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vaginal wall C. a hiatal hernia D. an omphalocele Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Review: Amniocentesis Withdrawal of the fluid that surrounds the embryo for culture and karyotyping Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Review Streptococcus and Staphylococcus: Bacteria that grow in chains or clusters Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Review (cont’d) Anemia: Reduction in the number of erythrocytes or amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood Ischemia: Loss of normal blood flow to a part of the body Tonsillitis: Infected and inflamed tonsils (lymphatic tissue in the back of the throat) Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 20 QUICK QUIZ: 4. Which term means inflammation of tonsils? (watch spelling!) A. tonsilitis B. tonsillitis C. tonsillectomy D. tonsilectomy Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 21 Review Acromegaly: An endocrine disorder marked by excessive amount of growth hormone after the completion of puberty Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen Leukocytosis: An elevation in the numbers of normal white blood cells in response to an infection Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Review (cont’d) Achondroplasia: A type of dwarfism characterized by short limbs, a normal-sized head and body, and normal intelligence Blepharoptosis: Drooping eyelids Laparoscopy: Visual examination of the abdomen using a laparoscope Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Review (cont’d) Arteriole: Small arteries (arteries carry blood rich in oxygen from the heart to the organs) Adenoids: Lymphatic tissue in the pharynx near the nose and nasal passages Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Chapter 4 Prefixes Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 2 Prefixes and Terminology Prefix Meaning a-, an no, not, without ab- away from ad- toward ana- up, apart ante- before, forward Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 26 27 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning anti- against auto- self, own bi- two brady- slow cata- down con- with, together Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 28 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning contra- against, opposite de- down, lack of dia- through, complete dys- bad, painful, difficult ec-, ecto out, outside en-, endo- in, within Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 29 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning epi- upon, on, above eu- good, normal ex- out, away from hemi- half hyper- excessive, above hypo- deficient, under Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning in- not in- into, within infra- inter- beneath between intramacro- into, within large Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 31 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning mal- bad meta- beyond, change micro- small neo- new pan- all para- abnormal, beside, near Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 32 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning per- through peri- surrounding poly- many, much post- after, behind pre- before, in front of pro- before, forward Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 33 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning pseudo- false re- back, again retro- behind, backwards sub- under supra- above, upper syn-, sym- together, with Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 34 Prefixes and Terminology (cont’d) Prefix Meaning tachy- fast trans- across, through ultra- uni- beyond, excel one Copyright © 2011, 2008, 2005 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 35