Transcript Going Further with Figurative Language
Figurative Language
1B
Part 1 Review of terms
Figurative Language
• Writing that shows feelings or thoughts, but it is not meant to be interpreted literally.
• Relies on the reader’s imagination.
• Often used in poetry but can also be used in prose.
Simile, Metaphor
•
Simile
– compares two unlike things by using the words
like
or
as
.
– Example •
Metaphor
– compares two unlike things
without
using
like
or
as
. (It is more
direct
.) – Example
Analogy
• Is the use of a simile or metaphor that is
extended
to show
more ways
that two unlike things are similar.
– Living in a dormitory is like a candy bar. The freedom is sweet, but you can run into some nuts.
– The Internet is a superhighway because of its speed and connections to so many computers.
Personification, Hyperbole
• •
Personification
– gives
human
characteristics to a
non-human
thing.
– Example
Hyperbole
– uses extravagant
exaggeration
for
emphasis
.
– Example
Oxymoron, Idiom
• •
Oxymoron
– combines
opposite
contradictory words.
and – Example
Idiom
– is an
expression
something
different
that means from the literal
meaning
of the words.
– Example
Hyperbole vs. Idiom vs. Cliché
• A hyperbole deals with inflating or
stretching
the truth.
– I have told you the answer a million times.
– She could have cried a river.
• Idioms have
nothing
to do with what they mean.
– She sang at the top of her lungs.
– He dragged his feet to get finished.
• A cliché is
overused
means what it says.
, but it basically – An apple a day keeps the doctor away.
Hyperbole Vs. Metaphor Oxymoron Vs. Simile
• His mother had warned him a million times that he would be severely punished if she caught him in a lie.
• After studying all night, Charles walked around like the living dead .
– Remember OXYMORONS are two CONTRADICTORY terms.
Symbol
• A
symbol
is an something else.
object
that represents • Popular symbols –
fire
in
Fahrenheit 451
–
night
or
sleep
may symbolize
death
Irony
• The use of
words
to express the
opposite
of what one really means or the
difference
between the
actual
result of events and the
expected
result.
–
Situational
– exists when the
outcome
or funny) is the
opposite
(tragic of expectations. –
Verbal
– is a person
saying
the
opposite
what is meant. (This is often sarcastic.) of –
Dramatic
– occurs when the
reader
or audience knows something important that a character
does not know
.
Irony examples
• Your teacher says to you, “Well you really worked hard!” when all you turned in is half the assignment.
• John is summoned into his boss’s office. Since John has worked especially hard this month and has broken sales record, he is expecting a raise. When he goes into the boss’s office, he finds that he is being fired.
Paradox
• Contains
ideas
go against logic.
that seem to
contradict
or • Is different from irony because it
contains the truth
but sounds
totally impossible
!!!
– “Water, water, everywhere and not a drop to drink.” – Putting your cell phone on the charger all night will run down the battery.
– Exercising will increase your energy level.
Allusions
• Are an
indirect reference
to cultural works, people, or events.
• Can come from
history
, literature, sacred
texts
, art, or current
events
.
• Cause the reader to
compare
one thing with the thing being
alluded
to.
– He was a Scrooge around Christmas.
– She threw us to the lion’s den.
– When you spoke about uniforms, you opened Pandora’s box.
Imagery
• A collection of
word pictures
to the reader’s
senses
that appeal and is sometimes referred to as
sensory imagery
.
– Can include
literary
devices (simile, metaphor, etc.) – Can create a
picture
in the reader’s mind • The young girl shivered on the icy stone bench as she watched each breath appear in the frosty air. The mournful sounds of the large ship horns were her only company as she waited near the harbor.
Figurative Language and Stylistic Devices
• FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE – Symbolism – Irony – Paradox – Allusion – Imagery – Oxymoron – Simile – Metaphor – Personification – Hyperbole – Analogy – Cliché These deal with the meaning of the words, the ideas themselves.
• STYLISTIC DEVICES – Alliteration – Assonance – Onomatopoeia – Rhyme – Repetition – Rhythm These deal with the sound of the writing, with the concrete sense of sound that you hear when the writing is read.
Rhyme Vs. Assonance Vs. Alliteration
• • •
Alliteration
is the repetition of
similar
sounds at the debate it.
beginning
of the words.
– He was determined to doubt and dared me to
Assonance
is the repetition of similar
vowel
sounds. (used for effect or sound) – I saw a life of blind kindness.
Rhyme
is the same / similar sound at the
end
of the words.
– Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet eating her curds and whey. Along came that spider and sat down beside her…
Onomatopoeia, Repetition
• • Onomatopoeia – the use of a word that
imitates
a sound, such as
buzz
and
hiss
.
– The bang outside my window and the whirring of the chainsaw could mean only one thing; the men were still working to remove the fallen tree.
Repetition
– the
intentional
use of the same words or words over and over again.
– Often used for
emphasis
• “We will not tire, we will not falter, and we will not fail.” – George W. Bush
• To convey • To exaggerate • To emphasize • To elaborate • To clarify • To rely • To entreat • To inspire • To express
Terms
• To establish • To contrast • To portray • To compare • To reinforce • To underscore • To employ • To heighten • To invoke
PART 2 Going Further with Figurative Language
Going Further with Figurative Language
• You must
know
the specific of speech or stylistic device.
type
of figure • You must decide what the figure of speech really
means
.
• You must tell what the
purpose
is (or what it affects).
of using it • You must do this with
multiple texts
.
Why use figurative language and stylistic devices?
• Writers use
diction
and
figurative language
to affect these literary elements: – Setting – Mood – Tone – Atmosphere – Characterization
Setting
• Is the
time
and
place
of a story, which include the surroundings or the environment.
– Time may be
specified
or general – Place may be specified or
general
.
• Often described using
imagery
.
– As I entered the elaborate ballroom, my ears met the lilting lyrics of softly sung music. The dancers gracefully waltzed, and I was wooed to watch.
Mood, Tone, Atmosphere
• Mood – the
feeling
created
in
the reader.
• Tone – the
writer’s attitude
toward the subject or toward the characters.
• Atmosphere – the
overall
feeling that an author creates by using mood, tone, and setting.
Words to describe mood and tone
MOOD
happy, contented, uplifting, sad, despairing, depressing, shocking suspenseful, scary, horrific, dreadful
TONE
Serious, playful, humorous, sarcastic, sympathetic, mocking, formal, casual, matter of-fact, bitter, critical, optimistic, carefree, hopeless
Characterization
• Direct characterization – when the author comes right out like.
and tells you what the characters are – Jordan at five is a sweet but mischievous girl who loves to dress up and play pretend games.
• Indirect characterization – when you have to learn about the character through his actions . This is most effective because the author is showing, not telling . – The husband was angry with his wife. “That bag of lettuce is half empty. Why didn’t you try to get one that had more in it?
Here is what you must decide
• What is the figure of speech or stylistic device used?
• What is the picture the author wants us to get in our minds when he used it?
• What literary element is affected by the author’s choice of words?
Possible questions
• • How does the
use
of figurative language by these two authors
contribute
to the
mood
?
• How does figurative language help
reveal meaning
of the above statements?
the
Justify
the
accuracy
or
inaccuracy
of the analysis by
selecting evaluates
the the
statement analysis
.
below that
accurately
• • Which statement below
accurately
evaluates the use of hyperbole and metaphor in the
revised
excerpt?
Justify
the decision to the
revised include
the personification in excerpt by selecting the statement below that
correctly
evaluates the
effect
personification on the poem.
of the
Mississippi SATP English II Revised: Multiple Choice Student Review Guide for Vocabulary/Reading