Transcript 06b_SkeletalSys

Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4th Edition
Martini / Bartholomew
6
The Skeletal
System
Part B
PowerPoint® Lecture Outlines
prepared by Alan Magid, Duke University
Slides 1 to 137
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An Overview of the Skeleton
Most Common Bone Markings
(Selected)
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•
•
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Tuberosity
Condyle
Facet
Fossa
Foramen
Sinus
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An Overview of the Skeleton
Surface Features of Bones
Table 6-1 (1 of 2)
An Overview of the Skeleton
Surface Features of Bones
Table 6-1 (2 of 2)
An Overview of the Skeleton
Skeletal Divisions
• Axial skeleton
• Skull
• Thoracic cage and sternum –aka “the bony
thorax’
• Vertebral column
• Appendicular skeleton
• Upper, lower limbs
• Pectoral girdle (shoulder bones)
• Pelvic girdle (hips etc.)
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An Overview of the Skeleton
The Skeleton
Please memorize the
names of these bones and
be able to identify them on
a diagram.
Skip “coxal bone”
Figure 6-8(a)
An Overview of the Skeleton
The Skeleton
Please memorize the
names of these bones and
be able to identify them on
a diagram.
Figure 6-8(b)
An Overview of the Skeleton
The Axial and
Appendicular
Divisions of the
Skeleton.
Please memorize
the names of these
bones and be able
to identify them on
a diagram.
Figure 6-9
The Axial Division: The Skull
Bones of the Cranium
• Frontal bone
• Forehead, superior surface of orbits
• Parietal bones
• Sides, roof of skull
• Occipital bone
• Foramen magnum (“big hole”)
• Temporal bones
• Sides, base
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The Axial Division: The Skull
Bones of the Face (continued)
• Maxillary
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The Axial Division: The Skull
The Adult Skull (Part I)
Figure 6-10
The Axial Division: The Skull
Bones of the Face
• Maxillary bones (upper jaw)
• Zygomatic bones
• Zygomatic arch (with temporal
bones)
• Mandible (lower jaw)
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The Axial Division: The Skull
Bones of the Face (continued)
• Nasal bones
• Lacrimal bones
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The Axial Division: The Skull
Bones of the Face (continued)
• Paranasal sinuses
• Frontal
• Maxillary
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The Axial Division: The Skull
The Adult Skull (Part II)
Figure 6-11(a)
The Axial Division: The Skull
Sectional Anatomy of the Skull
THIS VIEW OF SKULL
NOT ON TEST!
Figure 6-12(a)
The Axial Division: The Skull
No need to learn
The Paranasal Sinuses
these names.
Just know where
sinuses are
located.
Figure 6-13
The Axial Division: The Skull
The Hyoid Bone
Figure 6-14
Axial Division: The Skull
Skull of a
Newborn
Figure 6-15(b)
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Vertebral Column (Spine)
• 26 Bones
• 7 Cervical vertebrae (C1 to C7)
• 12 Thoracic vertebrae (T1 to T12)
• 5 Lumbar vertebrae (L1 to L5)
• Sacrum
• Coccyx (tailbone)
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Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Spinal Curvature
• Alignment of body weight
• Shock absorption
• Thoracic
• Sacral
• Cervical
• Lumbar
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Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Vertebral
Column
Figure 6-16
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Typical Vertebrae of the Cervical Region
Figure 6-17(a)
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Typical Vertebrae of the Thoracic Region
Figure 6-17(b)
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Typical Vertebrae of the Lumbar Region
Figure 6-17(c)
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
The Atlas and Axis
Figure 6-18
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
The Sacrum and Coccyx
Just know that
these are the
sacrum &
coccyx
Figure 6-19(b)
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Components of Thoracic Cage
• Thoracic vertebrae
• Ribs
• Seven pairs of true ribs
• Cartilaginous (hyaline) joint with
sternum
• Five pairs of false ribs
• Sternum has 3 parts from sup. to inf.
• Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
Thoracic Cage
Figure 6-20(a)
Vertebral Column/Thoracic Cage
The Thoracic Cage
Figure 6-20(b)
Appendicular Division
Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle
• Components
• Scapulae (“shoulder blades”)
• Coracoid process
• Acromium
• Scapular spine
• Clavicles (“collar bones”)
• Functions
• Shoulder, arm movement
• Articulation for arm
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Appendicular Division
*= parts to memorize
The Clavicle
*
*
* = you need to know it
Figure 6-21
Appendicular Division
The Scapula
*= parts to memorize
**
*
*
*
Figure 6-22
Appendicular Division
Upper Limb
• Humerus
• Head articulates with scapula
• Distal condyle articulates with
forearm
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Appendicular Division
The Humerus
*
*
*
*
= parts to memorize
*
Figure 6-23
Appendicular Division
Bones of the Forearm
• Radius
• Lateral (thumb side)
• Head articulates with humerus
• Radial tuberosity attaches biceps brachii
• Participates in wrist joint
• Ulna
• Trochlear notch articulates with humerus
• Olecranon forms point of elbow
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Appendicular Division
Radius & Ulna
*
*
*= parts to memorize
*
Figure 6-24
*
Appendicular Division
Bones of the Wrist and Hand
• Two rows of carpal bones
• Proximal articulation with radius
• Distal articulation with metacarpal bones
• Proximal phalanges (finger bones)
articulate with metacarpals
• Three phalanges/finger
• Two phalanges/thumb (pollex)
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Appendicular Division
Bones of the
Wrist and Hand
Figure 6-25
Appendicular Division
The Pelvic Girdle
• Formed by two coxae (hipbones)
• Coxa formed by fusion of:
• Ilium
• Ischium
• Pubis
• Pubic symphysis limit movement
• Pelvis formed by coxae, sacrum,
coccyx
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Appendicular Division
The Pelvis
Memorize ALL parts shown
*
Pubic symphysis
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Figure 6-26(a)
Appendicular Division
The Pelvis
Figure 6-26(b)
Appendicular Division
The Pelvis
Memorize ALL parts shown
Figure 6-26(c)
Appendicular Division
Differences in the Anatomy of the Pelvis
in Males and Females
Figure 6-27
Appendicular Division
Bones of the Lower Limb
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Femur (thighbone)
Patella (kneecap)
Tibia (shinbone)
Fibula
Ankle bones
Foot bones
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Appendicular Division
The Femur
*
*
Figure 6-28
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Appendicular Division
Bones of the Lower Limb
• Features of the tibia
• Tibial tuberosity
• Patellar tendon attachment
• Medial malleolus
• Features of the fibula
• Lateral malleolus
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Appendicular Division
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*
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Right Tibia and Fibula
Figure 6-29
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Appendicular Division
The Bones of the Ankle and Foot
• Ankle
• Seven tarsal bones
• Talus
Joint with tibia, fibula
• Foot
• Calcaneus (heel bone)
• Major load-bearing bone
• Metatarsal bones
• Five phalanges (toes)
Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Appendicular Division
The Bones of the
Ankle and Foot
Figure 6-30(a)
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Appendicular Division
The Bones of the
Ankle and Foot
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Figure 6-30(b)