Transcript Chapter 21 review questions

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Questions
prepared by Mark Hollier,
Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus
CHAPTER
21
The Immune
System: Innate
and Adaptive
Body Defenses
© Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following act(s) as the first line of
defense against foreign pathogens?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Skin
Synovial membranes
Mucous membranes
Both a and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following act(s) as the first line of
defense against foreign pathogens?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Skin
Synovial membranes
Mucous membranes
Both a and c
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The two intrinsic defense systems have many
components. Which of the following cell types
is not a contributor to specific immunity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Natural killer cells
Plasma cells
B cells
T cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The two intrinsic defense systems have many
components. Which of the following cell types
is not a contributor to specific immunity?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Natural killer cells
Plasma cells
B cells
T cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a mechanical
barrier to pathogen invasion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mucus
Tears
Saliva
Interferon
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is not a mechanical
barrier to pathogen invasion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mucus
Tears
Saliva
Interferon
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Macrophages are derived from ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
megakaryocytes
monocytes
T lymphocytes
plasma cells
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Macrophages are derived from ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
megakaryocytes
monocytes
T lymphocytes
plasma cells
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In order for some phagocytes to destroy
certain pathogens they have ingested (like the
tuberculosis bacillus), _______ must be
deployed.
a)
b)
c)
d)
lysosomes
diapedesis
the respiratory burst
complement
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In order for some phagocytes to destroy
certain pathogens they have ingested (like the
tuberculosis bacillus), _______ must be
deployed.
a)
b)
c)
d)
lysosomes
diapedesis
the respiratory burst
complement
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What characteristic do all inflammatory
chemicals share?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They are all a type of histamine.
They all help stop bleeding.
They are all vasodilators.
They are all secreted by macrophages.
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What characteristic do all inflammatory
chemicals share?
a)
b)
c)
d)
They are all a type of histamine.
They all help stop bleeding.
They are all vasodilators.
They are all secreted by macrophages.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
An increase in white blood cell number in the
bloodstream, which is characteristic of
inflammation, is called ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemotaxis
leukocytosis
leukemia
diapedesis
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An increase in white blood cell number in the
bloodstream, which is characteristic of
inflammation, is called ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemotaxis
leukocytosis
leukemia
diapedesis
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The process by which phagocytes exit
capillaries and enter injured tissue is called
_________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemotaxis
leukocytosis
diffusion
diapedesis
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The process by which phagocytes exit
capillaries and enter injured tissue is called
_________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
chemotaxis
leukocytosis
diffusion
diapedesis
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A patient has contracted the hepatitis C virus.
Which of the following drug therapies might be
effective?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Aspirin
Interferon
Penicillin
Ibuprofen
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A patient has contracted the hepatitis C virus.
Which of the following drug therapies might be
effective?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Aspirin
Interferon
Penicillin
Ibuprofen
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The basic mechanism employed by
complement to fight bacterial infections is
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
antibody production
fever elevation
bacterial cell membrane lysis
antiviral protein synthesis
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The basic mechanism employed by
complement to fight bacterial infections is
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
antibody production
fever elevation
bacterial cell membrane lysis
antiviral protein synthesis
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The process of attaching complement proteins
to the bacterial cell wall to enhance
phagocytosis is called _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
optimization
MAC attachment
complement activation
opsonization
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The process of attaching complement proteins
to the bacterial cell wall to enhance
phagocytosis is called _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
optimization
MAC attachment
complement activation
opsonization
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What would be the body's response if the
hypothalamus detected pyrogens?
a)
b)
c)
d)
An increase in body temperature set point
Mobilization of lymphocytes from the bone marrow
Increased sweating to lower body temperature
Complement inhibition
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What would be the body's response if the
hypothalamus detected pyrogens?
a)
b)
c)
d)
An increase in body temperature set point
Mobilization of lymphocytes from the bone marrow
Increased sweating to lower body temperature
Complement inhibition
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following materials or
compounds would be the most highly
immunogenic?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nonself antibody
Plastic
Hapten
Self antibody
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Which of the following materials or
compounds would be the most highly
immunogenic?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Nonself antibody
Plastic
Hapten
Self antibody
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The presence of _______ proteins makes it
possible for our immune system to
differentiate between our cells and those that
are foreign.
a)
b)
c)
d)
antigenic determinant
MHC
hapten
antibody
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The presence of _______ proteins makes it
possible for our immune system to
differentiate between our cells and those that
are foreign.
a)
b)
c)
d)
antigenic determinant
MHC
hapten
antibody
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The adaptive immune system involves three
major cell types: antigen-presenting cells; T
cells, which constitute _______ immunity; and
B cells, which govern _______ immunity.
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonspecific; specific
antigenic; allergic
MHC; MAC
cell-mediated; humoral
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The adaptive immune system involves three
major cell types: antigen-presenting cells; T
cells, which constitute _______ immunity; and
B cells, which govern _______ immunity.
a)
b)
c)
d)
nonspecific; specific
antigenic; allergic
MHC; MAC
cell-mediated; humoral
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
_______ become antigenic if they attach
themselves to larger proteins.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Haptens
Antigenic determinants
Pyrogens
MHC proteins
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_______ become antigenic if they attach
themselves to larger proteins.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Haptens
Antigenic determinants
Pyrogens
MHC proteins
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Lymphocytes are educated within primary
lymphoid organs. B cells are educated
in the _______, and T cells are educated in the
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
bone marrow; thymus
thymus; bone marrow
bone marrow; bone marrow
thymus; thymus
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Lymphocytes are educated within primary
lymphoid organs. B cells are educated
in the _______, and T cells are educated in the
_______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
bone marrow; thymus
thymus; bone marrow
bone marrow; bone marrow
thymus; thymus
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
During clonal selection of B cells, those B cells
with complementary membrane receptors to
the invading antigen will differentiate into
________ cells.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
clonal
plasma
T cells
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During clonal selection of B cells, those B cells
with complementary membrane receptors to
the invading antigen will differentiate into
________ cells.
a)
b)
c)
d)
humoral
clonal
plasma
T cells
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Which of the following is not an antigenpresenting cell?
a)
b)
c)
d)
T lymphocyte
Macrophage
B lymphocyte
Dendritic cell
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Which of the following is not an antigenpresenting cell?
a)
b)
c)
d)
T lymphocyte
Macrophage
B lymphocyte
Dendritic cell
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The basis of immunity is the presence of
_______ cells.
a)
b)
c)
d)
plasma
memory
clonal
humoral
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The basis of immunity is the presence of
_______ cells.
a)
b)
c)
d)
plasma
memory
clonal
humoral
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A patient has been immunized against chicken
pox. What type of immunity is this?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Naturally acquired passive
Artificially acquired passive
Naturally acquired active
Artificially acquired active
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A patient has been immunized against chicken
pox. What type of immunity is this?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Naturally acquired passive
Artificially acquired passive
Naturally acquired active
Artificially acquired active
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Of the following classes of antibodies, which
can cross the placenta?
a)
b)
c)
d)
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
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Of the following classes of antibodies, which
can cross the placenta?
a)
b)
c)
d)
IgG
IgA
IgM
IgD
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Which of the following best describes an
antibody's mode of action?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Antibodies punch holes in bacterial cell
membranes.
Antibodies immobilize antigens and mark them for
destruction.
Antibodies bind to antigens and transport them to
the liver for excretion.
Antibodies secrete antiviral proteins.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following best describes an
antibody's mode of action?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Antibodies punch holes in bacterial cell
membranes.
Antibodies immobilize antigens and mark them
for destruction.
Antibodies bind to antigens and transport them to
the liver for excretion.
Antibodies secrete antiviral proteins.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
These cells are responsible for tissue graft
rejection.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Memory cells
Regulatory cells
Plasma cells
Cytotoxic T cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
These cells are responsible for tissue graft
rejection.
a)
b)
c)
d)
Memory cells
Regulatory cells
Plasma cells
Cytotoxic T cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How are T cells "introduced" to antigens?
a)
b)
c)
d)
T cells bind to and phagocytize antigens.
Antibodies immobilize the antigens for T cell
recognition and destruction.
Antigen-presenting cells link antigenic peptides
to MHC proteins to which T cells will attach.
T cells wait in the blood until an antigen collides
with them and binds to their TCR.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How are T cells "introduced" to antigens?
a)
b)
c)
d)
T cells bind to and phagocytize antigens.
Antibodies immobilize the antigens for T cell
recognition and destruction.
Antigen-presenting cells link antigenic peptides
to MHC proteins to which T cells will attach.
T cells wait in the blood until an antigen collides
with them and binds to their TCR.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How is the cytotoxic T cell mechanism of
action similar to that of complement?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cytotoxic T cells activate B cells to produce
antibodies.
Cytotoxic T cells induce cell lysis with perforin,
a protein similar to complement's MAC.
Cytotoxic T cells secrete the proteins that activate
complement.
Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-presenting cells
similar to the complement proteins found on B cells.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How is the cytotoxic T cell mechanism of
action similar to that of complement?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cytotoxic T cells activate B cells to produce
antibodies.
Cytotoxic T cells induce cell lysis with perforin,
a protein similar to complement's MAC.
Cytotoxic T cells secrete the proteins that activate
complement.
Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-presenting cells
similar to the complement proteins found on B cells.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of graft is between individuals of
the same species?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Autograft
Xenograft
Isograft
Allograft
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of graft is between individuals of
the same species?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Autograft
Xenograft
Isograft
Allograft
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When antibodies develop against a person's
own cells, this is an example of a(n) ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
delayed hypersensitivity
immediate hypersensitivity
allergy
autoimmune disease
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When antibodies develop against a person's
own cells, this is an example of a(n) ________.
a)
b)
c)
d)
delayed hypersensitivity
immediate hypersensitivity
allergy
autoimmune disease
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
HIV targets _______ cells, which are also
termed _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
CD4, helper T cells
CD4, cytotoxic T cells
CD8, helper T cells
CD8, cytotoxic T cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
HIV targets _______ cells, which are also
termed _______.
a)
b)
c)
d)
CD4, helper T cells
CD4, cytotoxic T cells
CD8, helper T cells
CD8, cytotoxic T cells
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of hypersensitivity would result if a
person received a mismatched blood
transfusion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Subacute
Cytotoxic
Immune-complex
Delayed
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which type of hypersensitivity would result if a
person received a mismatched blood
transfusion?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Subacute
Cytotoxic
Immune-complex
Delayed
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.