Transcript The University of Manchester

ORA for SKA
Prof. A. K. Brown
Dr. David Zhang
School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
The University of Manchester
Email: {anthony.brown, david.zhang}@manchester.ac.uk
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Outline
A brief review of ORA aperture array antenna
design at the end of SKADS
AA-mid Antenna design for PrepSKA
Discussions and near future plans
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Aperture Array Antennas
FLOTT: (a)(d)
BECA: (b)(e)
ORA: (c)(f)
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Active
radiators
2015/4/13
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Three candidate designs for SKADS
(16×16 finite arrays)
FLOTT
BECA
(Photo Courtesy: SELEX Galileo)
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ORA
Active reflection coefficient
0
FLOTT
BECA
ORA
Reflection coefficient (dB)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
0.25
0.4
0.6
0.8
Frequency (GHz)
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1
Cross polarisation in the intercardinal
plane at 1 GHz, based on the finite
array measurement
0
ORA
FLOTT
BECA
Cross polarisation (dB)
-5
-10
Dplane
45o Cut
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
0
5
10 15
20 25 30 35
Angle (deg)
40 45 50 55
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60
0
0
-1
-1
-2
-2
Log Mag (dB)
Log Mag (dB)
Scanned element pattern for the
centre element of the finite array
-3
FLOTT, 1 GHz, Simulated
FLOTT, 1 GHz, Measured
BECA, 1 GHz, Measured
ORA, 1 GHz, Measured
FLOTT, 700 MHz, Measured
-4
-5
-6
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
Angle (deg)
20
-3
FLOTT, 1 GHz, Simulated
FLOTT, 1 GHz, Measured
BECA, 1 GHz, Measured
ORA, 1GHz, Measured
FLOTT, 700 MHz, Measured
-4
-5
30
40
50
-6
-50
-40
-30
E-plane,
0o Cut
-20
-10
0
10
Angle (deg)
H-plane
90o Cut
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20
30
40
50
Change of Frequency Range
LNA integration and feeding methods for ORA
The ORA finite array analysis
Measurement-noise temperature of integrated
structure
Manufacturability
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The infinite ORA array with
125mm element separation
0
Reflection coefficient (dB)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Broadside
-40
45o E-plane
-45
0.3
2015/4/13
45o H-plane
0.4 0.5
0.6 0.7
0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Frequency (GHz)
1.2
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1.3 1.4
1.5
The infinite ORA array with
112 mm element separation
0
Broadside
Reflection coefficient (dB)
-5
-10
45o E-plane
45o H-plane
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
Frequency (GHz)
2015/4/13
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108mm separation
Active reflection coefficient (dB)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
Broadside
45o Diagonal-plane
-40
0.4
2015/4/13
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8 0.9
1
Frequency (GHz)
1.1
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1.2
1.3
1.4
The feeding methods for ORA
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The optimisations of the feeding
lines for a lower loss
3
2
1
LNA
close to
the
radiators
For
LNA
wiring
LNAs above the
groundplane
2015/4/13
Coaxial cable
for singleended feeding
LNAs below the
groundplane, but
using coaxial cables
for single-ended
feedings
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LNA above the
groundplane
Shorter coaxial cables
for single-ended
feedings
Single-ended and differential
feeding methods
The single-ended stripline
2015/4/13
Differential coaxial cable feeding
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ORA performance with 50ohms
stripline feed, 112mm
0
Reflection coefficient (dB)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
Broadside
-30
45o E-plane
45o H-plane
-35
0.3
2015/4/13
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8 0.9
1
1.1
Frequency (GHz)
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1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
ORA performance with
differential coaxial cable feeds,
112mm element spacing
0
Broadside
Reflection coefficient (dB)
45o E-plane
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
0.4
2015/4/13
45o H-plane
0.5
0.6
0.7
1
0.8 0.9
Frequency (GHz)
1.1
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1.2
1.3
1.4
Single-ended Stripline feed for the 5×5
subarray of the 10×10 finite array tile
The active reflection coefficient
0
Active reflection coefficient (dB)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
-40
0.4
2015/4/13
55 finite array, simulated
infinite array, simulated
55 subarray in a 10 10 finite array, measured
0.5
0.6
0.7
1
0.8 0.9
Frequency (GHz)
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1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Differential feeding method, passive
reflection coefficient measured
Element 13
Element 1
0
Element 13
Element 1
Reflection coeffcient (dB)
-5
-10
-15
-20
-25
-30
-35
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Frequency (GHz)
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1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
Integration with EMBRACE front-end
electronics for further investigation
2015/4/13
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ORA tile for EMBRACE
electronics integration
1375mm
o The element separation of 125 mm
o 70 ohms single-ended port for each element
o The coverage area of the tile 1.125 m2
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• Efficiency measurements
• Complete LNA integration and measure
combined noise temperature
• Manufacturability design
• EMBRACE compatible tile
• Final choice of LNA type and optimise ORA for
mid frequency array
• Build and test
• Pre-production manufacturing techniques
2015/4/13
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Noise measurement of the
active ORA finite array
Reflection coefficient (dB)
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
Frequency (GHz)
0.9
1
Sub-array becomes
active with power
splitters
A hot/cold measurement facility is under construction in JBO,
the measured results out of this for the finite ORA arrays will
be confirmed at THACO in ASTRON
2015/4/13
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Further investigation of ORA tile
with the EMBRACE electronics ?
1375mm
2015/4/13
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The manufacturing cost
investigation
Chemical etching:
A traditional
photo-lithographic
technique on
PTFE/woven glass
laminate
Ink-jet printing:
A catalyst is inkjet printed onto
the plastic film,
and then copper is
electro-formed
onto the catalyst,
a further
electroplating
process is
required
2015/4/13
Screen printing
and other
technics?
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• Efficiency measurements
• Complete LNA integration and measure
combined noise temperature
• Manufacturability design
• EMBRACE compatible tile
• Final choice of LNA type and optimise ORA for
mid frequency array
• Build and test
• Pre-production manufacturing techniques
2015/4/13
The University of Manchester