Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction in COPD
Download
Report
Transcript Pelvic Floor Muscle Dysfunction in COPD
Pelvic Floor Muscle
Dysfunction in COPD
Liz Childs
Pelvic Floor Physiotherapist
Wellington
Outline
PFM anatomy / function
Relationship PFM and breathing
Teaching PFM exercises
Lifestyle modifications
Effective huff / cough technique
Where / when to refer on
Pelvic floor anatomy – female
Pelvic floor anatomy - male
Function PFMs
Support pelvic organs
Contribute to continence via:
◦ closure urethra & anus
◦ support bladder neck
◦ closure anorectal angle
Role in voiding, evacuation
Sexual role – arousal, erection, orgasm, ejaculation
PFM – part of the core
Functional unit
◦ Spinal stability
◦ Intra-abdominal
pressure
◦ Continence
◦ Breathing
What happens to the pelvic floor
during breathing?
Inspiration: diaphragm contracts, flattens, moves
caudally incr IAP downward pressure
exerted on PFM
Expiration:
◦ Rest / quiet breathing: passive process, elastic
recoil lungs, chest wall, muscle relaxation
◦ Forced exp: diaphragm and abdominals
contract incr IAP upward mvt diaph,
downward pressure PFM
Inspiration
(Talasz et al, 2010)
Forced expiration / cough – no
abdominal or PFM co-contraction
(Talasz et al, 2010)
Forced expiration – with ab and
PFM co-contraction (Talasz et al, 2010)
Reduces pressure on pelvic floor
Practice…
Huff
Cough
PFM dysfunction
Urinary incontinence
◦ Affects 1 in 3 women
◦ Increased prevalence in COPD
Pelvic organ prolapse
◦ Affects 50% women
Stress urinary incontinence – what
happens when you cough or sneeze
Urge urinary incontinence
Involuntary loss of urine associated with urgency
= detrusor contraction
(can be related to anxiety)
Urinary incontinence in respiratory
disease
Degree of urinary incontinence is greater in
those with chronic cough due to CF, COPD
compared with general population (Button BM,
Sherburn M, Chase J, et al 2005)
Evidence PFMT
Pelvic floor muscle training should be offered, as first
line therapy, to all women with stress, urge or mixed
urinary incontinence
Level 1 evidence, Grade A recommendation,
ICI 2012
Pelvic organ prolapse
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
High quality evidence (8RCTs) supporting
PFMT
Significant improvement in
◦ Symptoms
◦ Stage
ICI 2012 – Level 1A evidence for PFMT
Risk factors for PFM weakness
lifestyle modifications
Chronic cough
◦
◦
◦
◦
Breathing retraining
Sputum clearance techs, cough suppression
The “knack” – PFM with cough, huff
Support perineum
Constipation / straining
◦ Fibre, fluid, exercise
◦ Bowel routine
◦ Defaecation training
Obesity
Heavy lifting
◦ How much is too much?
◦ Technique
Fatigue
Inappropriate exercise
◦ Promote pelvic floor safe exercise
Patients with COPD
Chronic coughing strain pelvic floor
Reduced exercise levels weak muscles
◦ PFM ,diaphragm, abdominals
Evidence:
◦ Women with stronger PFMs are able to generate greater
pressure in forced expiratory techniques / coughing
(Talasz et al, 2010)
◦ COPD/ CF patients: PFM training and Estim resulted in
improved PFM strength, reduced symptoms
(Button et al, 2005)
◦ Teach “The Knack”
PFM contraction just before huff/cough leads to reduced urine
leakage
(Miller et al, 1998)
Teaching PFM Exercises
Squeeze and Lift
◦ As though trying to stop flow of urine or stop
passing wind
Must feel the release
Hold 2-3 sec, increase as able
Repeat up to10 times
Do this several times a day
Practice….
Pelvic floor training
Recommendations
(Guidelines for the Physiotherapy Management of the adult, medical, spontaneously breathing patient.
Thorax, 2009)
Question patients about their continence status
All patients with chronic cough, irrespective of
continence status, should be taught to contract their
pelvic floor muscles before forced expiration &
coughing (The Knack)
If problems of leakage are identified, patients should
be referred to a physiotherapist specialising in
continence
Asking the question
Embarrassment / Shame
◦ Patient
Language to use
◦ Patient / health professional
Let people know
◦
◦
◦
◦
Continence problems are common
Help is available
Being dry is normal
Continence products
When to refer on
Symptoms of incontinence or prolapse
Wet pants, frequency, urgency
Soiling
Bulging at vaginal entrance
Heaviness, dragging
Suspect overactive pelvic floor
◦ Symptoms may include
Pain – pelvis, genital
Constipation
Voiding difficulty
Referral
Women’s Health Physiotherapists in most
DHB’s
Private Pelvic Floor Physiotherapists in
many centres
◦ NZ Continence Association
www.continence.org.nz
List of continence service providers
Conclusion
PFM dysfunction is under reported
Subjects are unlikely to seek help on their
own
Impact on an individual’s ability and/or
willingness to perform certain activities
Exercise
Airways clearance techniques and lung function
manoeuvres
Social outings
Education in pulmonary rehab groups