Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration
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Transcript Chapter 6 Cellular Respiration
CHAPTER 6
CELLULAR RESPIRATION:
OBTAINING ENERGY FROM FOOD
General Biology
CM Lamberty
BIOLOGY AND SOCIETY
ENERGY FLOW AND CHEMICAL CYCLING
Animals depend on plants to covert solar energy
to
Photosynthesis
PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS
Plants and other autotrophs (self-feeders)
Heterotrophs (other-feeders)
Producers
Consumers
CHEMICAL CYCLYING: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Chemical ingredients for photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
Cellular respiration
CHEMICAL CYCLYING: PHOTOSYNTHESIS
AND CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Waste products of cellular respiration
Animals
Plants
CELLULAR RESPIRATION : AEROBIC
HARVEST OF FOOD ENERGY
Respiration
Cellular respiration
OVERALL EQUATION OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Glucose
Many chemical steps
ROLE OF OXYGEN IN CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
38 ATP for each glucose
REDOX REACTIONS
Chemical reactions involving transfer of electrons
Loss of electrons:
Gain of electrons:
Cellular respiration is a fall of electrons
Results in release of energy
NADH AND ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAINS
Path of electrons from glucose to oxygen
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
NADH transfers electrons via electron transport
chain
OVERVIEW OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Metabolic pathway
Three stages of cellular respiration
Glycolysis
Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle)
Electron transport
THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Stage 1: Glycolysis
(w/ most of E)
INPUT
OUTPUT
2 ATP
2 ADP
Glucose
Key
Carbon atom
Phosphate
group
High-energy
electron
Energy investment phase
Figure 6.7-1
THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle
THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Stage 3: Electron Transport
VERSATILITY OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Cellular respiration can also “burn”:
Diverse types of carbohydrates
Fats
proteins
ADDING UP THE ATP FROM CELLULAR
RESPIRATION
Remember up to 38 ATP/glucose
Glycolysis and citric acid cycle each contribute 2
ATP by direct synthesis
Remaining from “fall” of electrons in transport
chain
Each pair dropped down from NADH = 3 ATP
Each pair dropped down from FADH2 = 2 ATP
FERMENTATION: ANAEROBIC HARVEST OF
FOOD ENERGY
Cells can work for short periods w/o O2
Fermentation is anaerobic harvest of food energy
FERMENTATION IN HUMAN MUSCLE
CELLS
FERMENTATION IN MICROORGANISMS
Fermentation alone is able to sustain many
microorganisms
The lactic acid produced by microbes is used to
produce:
LIFE BEFORE AND AFTER OXYGEN
Glycolysis used by ancient bacteria to make ATP
when little oxygen available and before
organelles evovled
Today glycolysis
Occurs in almost all organisms
Is a metabolic heirloom of the first stage in the
breakdown of organic molecules