Transcript History of TLUDs

History of TLUD Gasifier Stoves
TLUD (“Tee-Lud”) refers to “Top-Lit UpDraft” gasification
A Presentation at the BEIA Project Workshop
Conducted in Lira, Uganda, by
CREEC, Makerere Univ., Kampala, Uganda
(Center for Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation)
22 – 24 August 2012
Paul S. Anderson
“Dr. TLUD” ( Doc Tee-lud )
PhD
[email protected]
Objective of
This Presentation
To put TLUD cookstove
development into a
practical perspective for
planning next steps.
TLUD (tee-lud) stands for
Top-Lit UpDraft.
Scientific Basis of Fire
Solid dry biomass “burns” with these processes:
• Heat causes pyrolysis (chemical decompositions into combustible gases) and
carbonization (charcoal creation).
• Charcoal can be “char-gasified” into gases.
• The created gases can combust; solids do not!
• These processes can occur at different rates
and in different places in different fires.
• Control and separation of these processes are
the keys to different types of combustion.
TLUD is “Top-Lit UpDraft”
• Ignition at the top of a
column of chunky dry
Secondary Air
biomass creates a down-ward
Gas
migrating pyrolytic zone (or
Charcoal
front) that is starved of
Pyrolysis
oxygen, creating charcoal
Ungasified Wood
plus pyrolytic gases
(“smoke”) that move
Primary Air
upward to where fresh
Blower
secondary air enters, resulting
in clean combustion of the BEF
Example
with FA:
WoodGas
CampStov
FA = Forced Air or Fan Assisted
gases for heat for cooking.
Four Essential Components
in Any Successful Stove Project
• Fuels: Stored and available energy.
• Combustion Devices: Release
of the energy.
This is our focus!
• Applications: Uses of the energy.
• Human Factors: Costs,
availability, cooking preferences, sizes,
social perceptions, marketing, etc.
Conception and Birth of TLUDs
TWO origins, both based on observed needs:
• Thomas Reed – USA – 1985 – During a
trip to South Africa – Scientific epiphany of
inverted downdraft (IDD) gasification.
• Paal Wendelbo – Norway – late 1980s &
’90s – While an NGO worker in Eastern
Africa – Experimentation with devices to
contain and control small top-lit smokeless
fires seen in his youth during World War II.
Reed’s IDD Prototype - 1995
• 10 years of laboratory
work resulted in the
Wood-Gas stove prototype
with Natrual Draft (ND) that
did NOT work well.
(Because of annular flame.)
• Publication of 1996 paper
A WOOD-GAS STOVE FOR
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
with Ronal Larson who mainly worked
on ceramic options and charcoal
production.
Wendelbo’s Peko Pe
• Several years of in-field
experimentation resulted in
the Peko Pe with Natrual
Draft (ND) that DID work
well. (Has a concentrator
disk.)
• Approximately 5000 gasifier
stoves in northern Uganda
by 1999.
• Ignored by funding agencies
at that time.
Beyond the Originators - 1
• Wendelbo – severe malaria
in 1999 at age 70 – left
Africa. He reappears only
in 2007.
• Reed – totally shifts his
attention to fan assisted
(FA) IDD gasifiers.
– Internet Listserv discussions
spread the info.
– Alex English (young Canadian
engineer ) becomes interested in
larger applications.
Barrel-size TLUD in 2000
in India by Alex English.
Beyond the Originators - 2
• Reed makes two trips to India 1998 and
2000.
• Contact with gasification expert Prof.
Mukunda of IISc – Bangalore and others
(including Sri Lanka) who take interest.
• Chance demonstration to Paul Anderson in
2001 in the home of Reed’s cousin who is
Anderson’s friend.
Tincanium and Other
Experimentation
• Slow incremental progress with gasifier
stoves with ND and FA until 2005.
• 2004 Anderson and Reed use the term
“Top-Lit UpDraft” for the first time.
• 2005 stove by Anderson wins the clean
emissions contest at Stove Camp, and takes
the names of “Champion” & TLUD (TeeLud). The success comes from the
concentrator disk.
Original “Champion” at Stove Camp 2005
Anderson’s
“Champion”
TLUD made
by Servals
Automation
Prices depend on the
stove configuration,
including gasifier and
stove structure for heat
application.
Full set in stainless steel
with 2 reactors costs
US$37 in Chennai..
Finalized
design and
production
started in
Chennai in
January
2009. Test
sites are
needed.
Photos of Champion Gasifiers
Made and Used in India - 2009
A humanitarian project near Chennai, India, sponsored by the
Sunset Rotary Club of Bloomington-Normal (Illinois, USA).
Reed’s Woodgas Campstove
with Fan Assistance (FA)
• Now produced in
three sizes in India
for affluent campers.
• 100% stainless steel
construction.
• Price starts at US$55.
• Several thousand sold
since 2003.
TLUD Milestones (2005-2010)
• Dr. Mukunda and team at the Indian
Institute of Science in Bangalore use TLUD
technology for the BP “Oorja” forced air
stove.
• 400,000 units were distributed.
• Now conducted by First Energy Ltd.
BP TLUD by IISc-Bangalore
• Mentioned at PCIA-III in
Bangalore in 2007, but very
little information released.
• 400,000 units installed in
India by 2008.
• Uses BP-made pellet fuel.
• Control of fan-forced air.
• Subsidized price of US$17.
Reddy’s Magh-CM1 Cookstove
• Dr. Sai Baskar Reddy
Nakka develops several
styles of TLUDs in
Hyderabad, India.
• Some with ceramic base
and fan assistance (shown).
• Actively promotes biochar
production.
• Information on Stoves
Website.
TLUD Milestones (2005-2010)
Prof. Alexis Belonio accomplishes the TLUD-FA
usage of rice hulls in the Philippines. His designs
are in production in Indonesia and Vietnam.
He first
learned of
TLUD
technology
from a Sri
Lanka
speaker at a
Thailand
conference.
Rolex award
winner.
Rice Hull TLUD-FA
Development in Vietnam by Paul Olivier
of concepts by Alexis Belonio
No more than about 2 watts is required
to power the 150 gasifer.
Production in three sizes,
all in stainless steel.
Daxu TLUD Cookstove - China
-Winner of an Ashden
Award for Enterprise
in 2007.
-Winner of low
emission among 8
Chinese cookstoves.
-Natural draft TLUD.
-Over 25,000
produced; possibly
discontinued.
-Price US$140; many
with subsidy sold for
$6 to $26.
Nurhuda’s TLUDs in Indonesia
• Prof. M. Nurhuda has designed and
produced several innovative models that
are insufficiently recognized.
• Over 2500 units of model UB-02 have
been produced and sold at $10.
Nurhuda’s TLUDs in Indonesia
The newest model, UB-03-1, sells for ~US$12.
Intentionally
designed to
appear similar
to a kerosene
(parafin) stove.
Note that it has
4 legs separate
from the
cylinders.
Variations of
TLUD gasifier
cookstoves.
[ Top row is with fans. ]
Some Other Efforts with
TLUDs and Micro-gasification
• Philips Corp – Doing their own thing with
minimal contact with others.
• World Stove – Self-declared as NOT a TLUD
stove, but independent testing is not available.
• Biolite – Focused on use of TEG for power for a
fan-assisted stove.
• All of the above have had TLUD starts and then
diversions into other directions.
• All of these plus BP’s Oorja stove are corporate
for-profit efforts.
Start the BEIA Project by CREEC
• No substantial non-profit funding of TLUD
work before the World Bank BEIA Project.
• At PCIA 2009 in Kampala, Karsten Bechtel and
Paul Anderson met for the first time.
• Application to WB is submitted and approved
BEFORE the TLUD stove design is finalized!
• Karsten Bechtel defines that the stove will have:
– More stability;
– More fire power;
– Incorporated pot-support
than the Champion.
• The result in 2010 is the Mwoto TLUD gasifier!!
Mwoto TLUD Cookstove
• Sheet metal.
• Fabricated by skilled
tinsmiths.
• Price approx. US$16.
• Primary air control
permits significant
turn-down of fire
intensity.
DURING the BEIA Project
• TLUD technology is too new to be static.
• Important subtle changes to the design by
the Project Team. Special recognition to
Saddam, the Master Tinsmith of the
Project.
• Because the BEIA Project requires
consistency of the product design, some
further enhancements have intentionally
NOT been introduced. These include:
Some Further Developments of
Mwoto TLUD Stoves
•
•
•
•
•
•
TChar Variations of TLUDs
Fan Assisted (FA) Options
Experimentation with Materials
Variations in Sizes and Uses
Prospects for Mass Production
Applications of the TLUD heat
These are discussed later today in the
presentation on new TLUD systems.
The Progress Ahead
• Dr TLUD estimates that only about 20%
of what can be known about TLUD
gasifiers has been discovered. 80%
awaits our efforts.
• By 2020 there needs to be 30 million
TLUD micro-gasifier stoves into the
developing societies. Currently there are
fewer than one million.
• Welcome to the frontiers of science and
humanitarian service!!!
Thank you.
• There will be more time later today for
discussion about the prospects for future
actions.
• Feel free to ask any questions.
Paul “Dr TLUD” Anderson
Email: [email protected]
Website: www.drtlud.com