Transcript IDG Discussion

Electrical Safety
In The Workplace
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SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
Electrical Safety
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What Is Arc Flash
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Residual Damage
Behind Where the Person was Standing
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2/07/2012 | Slide 4
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5 KV 1200 Amp Breaker
Racking
Handle
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Residual Damage
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© ABB
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40 Cal/cm2 Arc Flash Suit
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SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
10/17/12 Statement
•
A serious violation occurs when there is
substantial probability that death or serious
physical harm could result from a hazard about
which the employer knew or should have known.
•
"This company exposed workers to serious safety
hazards that could cause amputations or
electrocutions," said Jack Rector, OSHA's area
director in Fort Worth. "OSHA will not tolerate an
employer's disregard for workplace safety.“
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http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=NEWS_RELEASES&p_id=23085
OSHA News’Release 12-1771-DAL
SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
4 Criteria for OSHA to Issue A Fine $$
• It must be a Recognized Standard In Industry.
- LOTO, Fall Protection, NFPA 70E-All are recognized
standards in Industry.
• Serious injury, or death, could occur if not followed.
- 3rd Degree Burns, Life Altering Scenario, Death.-All can and
do occur if NFPA70E is not followed.
• Employees must be at Risk.
- Any employee with a multi-meter (testing), energizing, deenergizing, or working live (hot) would be at risk.
• There must be an Abatement Method.
- Salisbury has PPE, Tools and Equipment that can negate or
“abate” the hazard.
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Hazards and PPE Identification
• Electrical Safety Requirements for
Employee Workplaces
- This requirement covers all aspects of worker
safety associated with electrical hazards in
the workplace. Within this standard are
recommendations for proper PPE (Personal
Protective Equipment)
- Addresses hazards:
 Shock
 Arc Flash
 Arc Blast
- Requirements for shock and arc flash
boundaries
- Requirements for personal protective
equipment
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Hazard 1: Shock/Electrocution
• Current, not voltage is lethal.
• Current enters the body and seeks a pathway back
to ground.
• The human body which is made of water, bone, and
muscle tissue is an EXCELLENT conducter.
• Easiest to prevent.
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SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
Shock Illustration
Current passage paths through the body
Touch Potential
Step Potential
Touch / Step Potential
Touch / Step Potential
Current passing through the heart and lungs is the most serious
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How Do I Protect Against Shock?
•Insulating Gloves
OSHA 1910.333(a)(1)
Rubber Insulating Gloves are
among the most important
articles of personal protective
equipment for electrical workers.
They are the first line of defense
for contact with any energized
components or lines.
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Gloves Must Be Inspected
• Working around sharp object, in
close proximity to energized
parts
• Gloves must be inspected prior
to each use
• There are two ways to inspect
gloves
- Manual
- Portable glove inflator
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…and Tested.
• The interval between
electrical retest for issued
Rubber Gloves shall not
exceed six months
• Gloves that have been
electrically tested but not
issued shall not be placed
into service unless they have
been electrically tested
within previous twelve
months
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Gloves Storage
• Rubber gloves should be stored in
glove bags
• Do not store more than one pair of
gloves in each bag
• Do not store on or in front of truck
heaters.
• Do not roll , fold or tape
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Hazard 2: Arc Blast
• Expansion Of Air Due to Very
Quick Heating Of Air At
Ambient Temperature
• 25 kA can create as much as
480 pounds of pressure on a
worker 2 feet away
• 30% of Deaths in WWII
Attributed to concussion waves
• Air Related Organs Effected 1st
– Lungs, Intestines, Brain
• Approximately 12% of the
deaths are caused by the blast.
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Hazard 3: Arc Flash
• As much as 80% of all electrical
injuries are burns resulting from
an arc-flash and ignition of
flammable clothing.
• Arc temperature can reach
35,000°F - this is four times
hotter than the surface of the
sun
Fatal burns can occur at
distances over 10 ft.
• Over 2000 people are admitted
into burn centers each year with
severe electrical burns
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Face Shields
• Must Meet ASTM F2178-02
• Must Meet ANSI Z87.1
• Meet Same Criteria for ATPV Rating Given to
Garments Based on ASTM F1958
• Clean With Mild Soap and Warm Water
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130.7(C)(1) Parts to be Protected.
• (C) Personal Protective Equipment.
• (1) General. When an employee is working within the
Arc Flash Protection Boundary he or she shall wear
protective clothing and other personal protective
equipment in accordance with 130.3. All parts of the
body inside the Arc Flash Protection Boundary shall
be protected.
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NFPA 70E provides choices for selecting PPE
• Perform an arc flash hazard analysis,
and document the incident energy
exposure
- EasyPower
- Duke Flux Software (Freeware)
- ETAP
- IEEE 1584 Standard
• As an alternate, use the “Hazard Risk
Category Classifications” table to
choose the PPE level required for the
task
• 40 Cal Option
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Method 1 (Arc Flash Analysis)
- 130.3 Requirement for Analysis
- “The flash hazard analysis shall be updated when
a major modification or renovation takes place. It
shall be reviewed periodically, not to exceed 5
years to account for changes in the electrical
distribution system that could affect the results of
the analysis”
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Salisbury Assessment Solutions (SAS)
• This is the best way to
identify the proper PPE
requirements. Salisbury
Assessment Solutions.
Variables that effect the size and energy
of an electric arc flash are:
Amperage
Voltage
Arc gap
Closure time
Distance away from arc
3 phase v single phase
Confined space
Characteristics of equipment
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130.3(C) PPE Requirements Spelled Out.
• (C) Equipment Labeling. Equipment shall be field
marked with a label containing the available incident
energy or required level of PPE
!
WARNING
Arc Flash and Shock Hazard
Appropriate PPE Required
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Hazard Risk Category Tables (Method 2)
Table 130.7(C)(9) Hazard Risk Category Classifications and Use of Rubber
Insulating Gloves and Insulated and Insulating Hand Tools
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Tasks Performed on Energized Equipment
Hazard/ Risk
Category
Rubber
Insulating
Gloves
Insulated
and
Insulating
Hand Tools
Panel boards rated 240 V and below – Notes 1
—
—
—
Circuit breaker (CB) or fused switch operation with covers on
0
N
N
CB or fused switch operation with covers off
0
N
N
Work on energized parts, including voltage testing
1
Y
Y
Remove/install CBs or fused switches
1
Y
Y
Removal of bolted covers (conductors and circuit expose bare, energized t parts)
1
N
N
Opening hinged covers (conductors and circuit expose bare, energized t parts)
0
N
N
Panel boards or Switchboards rated >240 V and up to 600 V (with molded case or insulated case
circuit breakers) — Notes1
—
—
—
CB or fused switch operation with covers on
0
N
N
CB or fused switch operation with covers off
1
N
N
Work on energized parts, including voltage testing
2*
Y
Y
SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
Drawbacks to using Tables (Method 2 cont)
• When using the tables provided in the NFPA 70E
manual, only voltage is taken into consideration.
This usually causes over protection as all other
variables are maxed out.
Variables that effect the size and energy
of an electric arc flash are:
Amperage
Voltage
Arc gap
Closure time
Distance away from arc
3 phase v single phase
Confined space
Characteristics of equipment
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Cat 4
• If a Hazard Level Assessment has not been done
and the end user does not wish to reference the
tables; then a Category 4 Level of PPE is required.
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Tools/Meters As PPE
70E 130.7(D)(1)
• employees must use insulated tools and/or handling
equipment when working inside the limited
approach boundary of exposed live parts where
tools or handling equipment might make accidental
contact
• OSHA 1910.335(a)(2)(i)
• When working near exposed energized conductors or
circuit parts, each employee shall use insulated tools
or handling equipment…
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NFPA 70E 2012 Summary of Significant Changes
• All references to “FR” now changed to “Arc Rated”. This
identifies that FR clothing is not necessarily tested to the
ASTM test for arc rating.
• Addition of incident energy tables for direct current (DC)
systems.
• Terms such as “flash protection boundary”, “flash hazard
boundary”, and “flash boundary” changed to new term “arc
flash boundary”.
• The nose was added to the coverage needed from a
balaclava.
• Retraining shall be performed at intervals not to exceed 3
years.
• Electrical safety program shall identify procedures for
working: within the limited approach boundary and arc flash
boundary to clarify the separation between the two
boundaries.
• Removal of 2* category. For 2012, all is included in category
2.
• Arc Blast is now a recognized hazard by NFPA 70E.
Inclusion of this hazard may require updated assessments.
• Employees must report any perceived contact to
supervision.
• Employers must inform contractors of any known hazards
.
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Determining Who Is to Be Trained
110.4 Use of Equipment. Formally Section 130.4
(A) Test Instruments and Equipment
(1) Testing. Only qualified persons shall perform
tasks such as testing troubleshooting and voltage
measuring with the limited approach boundary of
energized electrical conductors or circuits parts
operating at 50volts or more or where an electrical
hazard exists.
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Often Heard Phrase
• “It Can’t Happen to Me”.
• A frequently-cited study* by Chicago-based safety
contractors Capelli-Schellpfeffer, Inc. reports that
between 5 and 10 arc-flash incidents causing
serious injuries that require treatment in a burn
center occur each day. Of these, 1 or 2 result in
death. A CDC/NIOSH study** puts the total number
of arc-flash injuries from 1992 through 2001 at
17,101.
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SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
Statistics (Annual data)
4,000
3,600
2,000+
365
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Electrical
contact
injuries,
nondisabling
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Electrical
contact
injuries,
disabling
Person is
electrocute
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SALISBURY by Honeywell -
Electrocutions
Leading cause
of
occupational
fatalities
SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL
Workers
are sent to
burn
centers
with
electrical
burns
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Changing Profession, Changing Attitudes
1942
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One Complete Solution
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SALISBURY BY HONEYWELL - CONFIDENTIAL