Transcript Review of Chapter 13 - Spiritual mentoring

Review of Chapter 13
Postmodern Therapy
EPSY 6363
Dr. Sparrow
Postmodern Theory
n Derived
n
n
from Social Constructionism
Theory of human nature: There is no single
reality
One’s reality and identity is constructed from
one’s:
n
beliefs and values
n
experiences
n
relationships
Postmodern Therapy
n If
there is no single reality, then there can
be no “expert”
n If
there is no expert, therapy involves
working collaboratively within the client’s
frame of reference
n Two
schools
n
Solution focused
n
Narrative
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
n Came
about, in part, due to declining
resources for outpatient therapy.
n
Case managers allowed only a few
sessions.
n
A therapist had to work within a shortterm model of change
n The
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
theory of human nature that characterizes
SFBT is very similar to person-centered
therapy, reality therapy, and other existentialhumanistic therapies: Each person can solve
his or her own problems
n By
focusing on competencies, rather than
pathology or problems, therapy can be brief.
n What
was different about SFBT is the belief
that the client already knows what to do, but is
not aware of it.
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
n
n
A person comes to you for help and complains
about a problem.
As a SFT therapist, you don’t focus on the
complaint, but inquire into the immediate past to
look for exceptions: When was the problem not
evident?
n
You discover what the person was doing then that
could be seen as a solution for the present
concern.
n
You simply support the client in doing that again-provide encouragement, feedback, etc.
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
n
Specific techniques
n
n
focus on small, achievable changes; goal
oriented and future oriented
assumption of pretherapy change: “What have
you done since you have called...?
n
Exception questions
n
Miracle question
n
Formula First Session Task: “What happens that
you’d like to continue happening...?
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
n
Specific techniques continued:
n
n
Therapist feedback compliments
n
Bridge links compliments to tasks that will be
given
n
Suggesting tasks
Termination with provision for returning to
work on another issue. Initial question: What
needs to be different? No need to fix
everything.
Case Scenario: Mary’s Problems
n
On the basis of interpreting some ambiguous
messages from a professor, and from two friends,
Mary begins to think that most people don’t like
her, and so she withdraws from relationships. She
avoids the professor’s gaze, starts to do poorly in
the class, and avoids her friends. She waits for her
friends to contact her, and when they don’t, she
feels even more strongly that they don’t like her,
and that she isn’t likable. She becomes depressed
and unable to work and socialize.
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
n
Specific techniques
n
n
n
focus on small, achievable changes; goal
oriented and future oriented. What can you do to
make a modest start, Mary?
assumption of pre-therapy change: “Mary, what
have you done since you have called that
represents progress...?
Exception questions: When did you not
experience this sense of isolation and judgment?
What were you doing then?
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
n
n
Miracle question: If you woke up tomorrow and the
problem did not exist, what would your day be like?
Mary might say that she would happily call her
friends without fear of rejection, and might make an
appointment with her professor to discuss her
progress, etc.
Formula First Session Task: “I want you to be aware
of the things that happen this week that you would
like to continue to happen.” Mary might realize that
she enjoys knitting and reading, and that some
solitary activities are quite pleasurable.
Solution-Focused Brief
Therapy
n
Specific techniques continued:
n
n
Therapist provides positive feedback &
compliments
n
Links compliments to tasks that will be given
n
Suggests tasks
Termination with provision for returning to work
on another issue. Initial question: What needs to
be different? No need to fix everything.
Narrative Therapy
n
n
n
Reality or truth is made up of “interpretive stories.”
Culture and society and family may promote
certain stories that may work against the freedom
and opportunity of the individual.
Stories grow out of conversations with others.
Narrative Therapy Methods
n
n
n
Therapists listen with an open mind. They are active
facilitators and inquirers.
Help clarify meanings and revise beliefs based on client’s
lead.
Maintain faith in the client’s ability to recognize
competencies.
n
Come up with a name for the problem
n
Personify, attribute oppressive intentions.
Narrative Therapy Methods
n
Externalize and deconstruct the problem: the person
is not the problem.
n
Discover moments when the person was not
dominated by the problem. Search for unique
outcomes.
n
Speculate on what kind of future the client will have
when they are free of the problem and “problem
saturated” language.
n
Find a social context for expressing the new story.
n
Finally, describe their experience in fresh language, in
which they are no longer fused with the problem.
Case Scenario: Mary’s Problems
n On
the basis of interpreting some ambiguous
messages from a professor, and from two friends,
Mary begins to think that most people don’t like
her, and so she withdraws from relationships. She
avoids the professor’s gaze, starts to do poorly in
the class, and avoids her friends. She waits for
her friends to contact her, and when they don’t,
she feels even more strongly that they don’t like
her, and that she isn’t likable. She becomes
depressed and unable to work and socialize.
Narrative Therapy Methods
n
Therapists listen with an open mind. They are active
facilitators and inquirers, so therapist would listen
carefully to Mary’s story, asking questions throughout.
n
Therapist would clarify meanings and assist in
revising beliefs based on Mary’s lead.
n
n
Therapists maintain faith in the client’s ability to
recognize competencies, so there would be no
pressure on Mary to come up with solutions.
Therapist would help Mary to come up with a name
for the problem, and then help her personify and
attribute oppressive intentions to the problem.
n
Narrative
Therapy
Methods
The therapist would:
n
Encourage Mary to externalize and deconstruct the
problem: the person is not the problem.
n
Would search for moments when the person was not
dominated by the problem. Search for unique outcomes.
n
Speculate on what kind of future Mary will have when
she is free of the problem and “problem saturated”
language.
n
Help Mary find a social context for expressing the new
story.
n
Help her find a way to describe her experience in fresh
language, in which she are no longer fused with the
problem.