Treatment Overview: The Multidisciplinary Team

Julie R. Gralow, M.D.

Director, Breast Medical Oncology, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance Professor, Medical Oncology, University of Washington School of Medicine Member, Clinical Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center

Breast Cancer Treatment: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach

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Radiology

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Pathology

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Surgery

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Radiation Oncology

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Medical Oncology Fighting the Crab – Kiev, Ukraine

Personalized Cancer Medicine New Strategies in Treating Breast Cancer: Better Targeting Individualized Approaches

Cancer Treatment: Defining the Cancer

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The first step in designing the treatment plan is carefully defining the cancer

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Clinical examination

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Radiology tests

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Pathology tests

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Blood tests

Diagnosing the Cancer: Ultrasound Guided Breast Biopsy

Defining the Cancer: Pathology

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Treatment recommendations are aided with the help of pathologic factors

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Prognostic factors: aid in estimating likelihood of cancer recurrence and death

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Predictive factors: predict likelihood of response to a given therapy

The First Step in Making a Treatment Plan for Breast Cancer:

Defining the Cancer

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Stage

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Tumor size

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Lymph node status

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Metastatic sites Grade Surgical margins Tumor expression of genes and proteins

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Estrogen receptor (ER)

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Progesterone receptor (PR)

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HER-2 Invasive Breast Cancer Estrogen Receptor HER-2

Defining the Cancer: Radiology

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Radiologic imaging can help determine the location and spread of the cancer

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Local extent

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Regional lymph nodes

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Distant spread (metastases)

Evaluating Extent of Local Disease: Breast Cancer Mammogram: Area of abnormality extends over 60 mm

Staging for Distant Disease: Breast Cancer Patient A Bone Scan Multiple bone metastases The most common sites of distant disease in breast cancer are the bones, liver and lungs

Breast Cancer Surgery

Sometimes “less” surgery is better

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Mastectomy vs. lumpectomy

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Lymph node dissection vs. sentinel lymph node biopsy

Lumpectomy: Wire Localization of Non Palpable, Imaging-Detected Breast Cancers

Lumpectomy Margin Evaluation: Inking the Tumor Specimen in the Operating Room

Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

1. Inject around area of tumor with blue dye, radioactivity, or both sentinel node biopsy requires substantial technology, resources, and training 2. Track the lymphatic drainage of the tumor

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Breast Cancer Radiation Therapy

The future: is “less” radiation sometimes better?

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Whole breast versus partial breast radiation (brachytherapy)

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Hypofractionation (shorter course)

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3D conformal radiation planning

Indications for Radiation Therapy After Mastectomy

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Tumor size > 5 cm Inflammatory features or skin involvement Multiple positive lymph nodes Extracapsular lymph node extension Positive surgical margins

Systemic Therapy for Breast Cancer Endocrine Therapy Chemotherapy Biologically-targeted Therapy New Strategies: Individualizing treatment to the cancer and the patient

Metastasis Inhibitors Identifying New Targets in the Treatment of Breast Cancer EGFR Inhibitors HER-2 Inhibitors IGF-R Inhibitors MUC-1 Antibodies Anti Angiogenesis mTOR Inhibitors Src Inhibitors Farnesyl HIF Inhibitors Raf Inhibitors Death Receptors MEK Inhibitors Cell Cycle Inhibitors Transferase Inhibitors Aurora Kinase HSP90 Inhibitors Proteosome Inhibitors Tubulin interacting Agents Inhibitors Mdm2 Pro-apoptotic Drugs Kinesins Inhibitors HDAC Inhibitors

Optimizing Health and Wellness After Treatment of Breast Cancer: Survivorship

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Many breast cancer patients can look forward to a long life after treatment Breast cancer patients and their health care team need to pay attention to all aspects of health and well-being Team Survivor Northwest