BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
Download
Report
Transcript BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
Unit two
BASIC HUMAN NEEDS
OBJECTIVES:
– Describe basic human needs/physical,
emotional, spiritual
– Identify Developmental tasks associated
with the aging process
– Discuss age related conditions
– Discuss general characteristics of aging
– Discuss cultural diversity/ individuality
Describe Basic Human Needs
Basic Human needs
are needs all
persons have.
However individuals
meet these needs in
different ways.
Most residents in
long term facilities
will need some
assistance to meet
their basic needs.
Ways to assist Residents with
Physical Needs
Food
– making meal time as
pleasant as possible
– assist resident to
eat, feed resident
when possible
– prepare foods such
as cutting meats,
opening cartons
Oxygen/Air
– elevate HOB for
resident with
breathing problems
or SOB
– position in bed and
chairs to allow lung
expansion
– assist resident to
ambulate
– assist nurse with
oxygen therapy.
Meeting Resident Physical
needs
Water:
– Offer fluids
frequently
– keep water
containers within
reach
– Keep water fresh,
other liquids at
correct
temperatures.
Elimination:
– Assist resident in
toileting needs
– provide privacy
– be matter of fact in
response to
incontinent residents
Meeting Physical Needs
Rest:
– Assist in preparation
for sleep
– recognize changes in
patterns for sleep
Activity and Exercise
– Encourage ROM in
ADL’s
– ambulate, transfer
and move properly
– Encourage activity
Stimulation
– Encourage resident
to participate in
activities
– Encourage residents
to talk and listen
carefully
– Do not isolate
resident. Place in
area where they can
observe activity.
Meeting Physical needs
Sexuality
– Encourage use of
male/female
clothing, cosmetics,
hair styles to
maintain sexual
identity.
– Provide privacy to
couples expressing
intimacy needs,
knock before
entering
– Respond
appropriately to
resident who is
masturbating, (take
resident to room,
don’t shame or be
judgmental.
Ways to Assist Resident with
Safety and Security Needs
Safety
– Keep area safe and
free of hazards
– Show residents how
to do activities safely
– keep call light within
reach
– know how to do
tasks
– be alert to safety.
Use TB and brakes
Security
– respect residents
belongings
– orient resident to
new surroundings
– reassure resident
– welcome family and
friends
– provide privacy,
knock on doors
Ways to Assist Love and
Belonging Needs
Caring about someone
– listen to resident, encourage talk of past
– show interest in residents family
– encourage contact with other residents
– read social histories in resident charts
– some residents may have significant others
who are not family members
– take time with resident, pay attention
Love and Belonging Needs
Being cared about
– Show interest in resident
– touch residents in a kind and gentle
manner
– be kind and friendly to visitors
– inform family and residents of activities
offered
– be patient and understanding
– treat residents as you would like to be
treated
Ways to Meet Self Esteem
Needs
Sense of Identity
– call resident by preferred name
– include resident and family in discussions
concerning resident care
– give and respect choices made by residents
– respect differences in culture, heredity,
interests and values
Meeting Self- Esteem Needs
Feeling Important, worthwhile
– praise accomplishments of residents
– acknowledge residents at all times
– respect resident property
– talk to resident as an adult
– encourage resident to do as much as abble
for themselves
– Give residents simple responsibilities and
tasks to feel important
Meeting Self- Actualization
Needs
The extra’s in life
– encourage hobbies
– praise accomplishments and strengths
Spirituality
– respect religious beliefs
– provide privacy for clergy visit.
– Handle with care religious symbols
– refer clergy requests to Nurse in Charge
Describe Developmental Tasks
Theorists suggest that as one matures
from infancy to old age, persons pass
through several stages. During each
stage developmental tasks must be
accomplished in order to mature in a
healthy way. Developmental tasks are
social, emotional, and psychological
growth experiences.
Growth & Development
Occurs in an orderly pattern simple to
complex.
Is continuous from infancy to adult
Affects all body parts
Rate varies from person to person
Is a total process that affects people,
physically, mentally, emotionally,
spiritually.
Early adulthood
developmental tasks
Age frame is from about late teens to
thirty
– establish personal and economic
independence
– forming a support group of friends and
others
– developing work skills/career
– making a commitment in a relationship
– establishing a family
– managing optimal healthy lifestyles
Middle Adulthood tasks
Age frame from about the thirties to the
mid sixties
– expand personal and social involvement
and responsibility
– adjusting to physiological and emotion
changes
– reaching and maintaining job satisfaction/
preparing for retirement
– observing maturation of children
– managing chronic health conditions
Late Adulthood Tasks
Age time frame from
mid sixties to death.
Aging is influenced
by heredity,
nutrition, exercise,
lifestyle choices such
as smoking, and life
long adjustments to
change.
Young-Old Tasks
Age frame 65-74 years
– If healthy may not experience ages from
middle years
– beginning social and emotional
adjustments to decreasing physical
strengths and changes in body such as
vision and hearing limitations
– adjusting to retirement with loss of job
related activities
– adjusting to changing family roles with
Middle Old and Old- Old
Middle old, 75-84
– Adjusting to more
chronic conditions,
such as arthritis
– adjusting to losses of
abilities to drive car
– losses of friends and
siblings
– need to accept life’s
experiences
Old-Old, 85 and
older
– Accept physical
limitations and
dependence on
others
– acceptance of losses
(deaths and
activities)
– acceptance to
alternate living
conditions, such as
Age Related Conditions
Aging is a gradual
process/ not illness
– Most residents have
experienced some
age related changes
or illness since late
40’s or early 50’s.
– Due to gradual
changes and
adaptations most
conditions are not
considered problems
– After age 75 elderly
average at least 5
chronic conditions
that limit some
activities.
Describe Normal Aging
Integumentary
System
– Skin, hair, nails,
sweat and oil glands
Occurring changes
– Skin becomes
fragile,tears easily,
loss of fatty tissue
– hair thins and grays
– nails thicken and
harden
– less oil and
perspiration
produced
Describe Normal Aging
Integumentary
System
– Skin, hair, nails,
sweat and oil glands
Occurring changes
– Skin becomes
fragile,tears easily,
loss of fatty tissue
– hair thins and grays
– nails thicken and
harden
– less oil and
perspiration
produced
Integumentary system
Results
– skin is less resistant
to injury
– skin bruises easily
– skin is drier
– skin is slow to heal
– body temperature
regulation is difficult
– decreased sensations
occur
Nursing Assistant
responsibilities:
– use lotion and other
skin care products
– prevent pressure
areas and other
injuries
– select appropriate
clothing
Musculo-Skeletal (bones and
muscles)
Changes
– bones become
porous and brittle
– muscles reduce in
size
– joints and ligaments
become less flexible
Results
– muscles lose
strength
– fractures occur
– Range of Motion is
decreased
NAR responsibilities
– encourage exercise
and good nutrition
– balance activity and
rest
Digestive (Stomach and
Intestines)
Changes
– Slowing down of
system
– decrease in taste
– saliva reduced
– teeth missing (poor
fitting denture)
Results
– decrease in appetite
– difficulty chewing
and swallowing
– constipation
NAR responsibilities:
– watch for choking
– encourage fluids,
small bites, and to
eat slower
Circulatory (Heart -blood
vessels)
Changes
– heart does not pump
as effectively
– blood vessels
become less elastic
– heart disease is
common in elderly
Results
– tires easily
– elevated blood
pressure
– dizzy when changing
positions
NAR responsibilities
– provide rest times
– encourage exercise
– change positions
Respiratory
Changes
– decreased exchange
of oxygen and
carbon dioxide
– lungs lose elasticity
– cough reflex is weak
Results
– deep breathing more
difficult
– susceptible to
infections
– tires easily and SOB
NAR Responsibilities
– pace activities
– prevent infections
Urinary ( Kidney - bladder)
Changes
– kidney function
reduced
– bladder elasticity
lessened
– females have stress
incontinence
– males have prostate
enlargement
Results
– susceptible to UTI’s
– more urgent need to
void
– difficulty and
incontinence in
voiding
NAR responsibilities
– encourage fluids
– follow B&B program
– good peri care
Nervous System
Changes
– nerve cells decrease
in number
– blood flow to brain is
decreased
– diseases may cause
abnormalities and
personality changes
Results
– slower reaction to
stimuli
– forgetfulness
NAR responsibilities
– Provide adequate
time to complete
activities
– be alert to safety
needs
Sensory (eyes and ears)
Changes
– gradual slowing
down of all senses
– tears and earwax
reduced
Results
– reduced vision and
hearing
– eyes dry, irritated
– impacted ear wax
– problems with glare
NAR responsibilities
– speak clear, slowly
– face resident
– be alert to safety
Digestive (Stomach and
Intestines)
Changes
– Slowing down of
system
– decrease in taste
– saliva reduced
– teeth missing (poor
fitting denture)
Results
– decrease in appetite
– difficulty chewing
and swallowing
– constipation
NAR responsibilities:
– watch for choking
– encourage fluids,
small bites, and to
eat slower
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Changes:
Females: Menstrual cycles ceases, vaginal
wall become thinner and drier
Males: scrotum is less firm, prostate gland
may enlarge.
NAR responsibility: Clean Perineums, watch
for signs of infections.
Endocrine system (glands)
Changes:
– Less insulin produced, may result in
diabetes
– Weight gain/loss
– Increased feeling of nervousness
Nar’s should report any behavior or
physical changes to nurse.
Describe Needs of Family
Definition of Family:
– Two or more people have chosen to live
together and share interest, roles,
resources commitment and love.
Family emotions include, anxiety, fear,
sadness, anger, relief, confusion
ROLE of NAR
Nursing assistants need to acknowledge
family members, have a non
judgmental attitude, be patient, be
sensitive, quietly listen, include family
when appropriate in cares. BE
PLEASANT!!!
RESPECT CULTURAL DIVERSITY
CLAS stands for culturally and
linguistically appropriate services.
Developed in 2000 by the Dept of
health and human services.
Clas focuses on health care
organizations, and also standards for
how health care should be delivered.
Personal guidelines
Think about your personal belief system
Examine how personal culture
influences your own behavior
Don’t stereotype
Ask patients about their culture
Attend staff development activities and
develop cultural awareness.
Cultural influences
Personal space
– Some cultures will not permit members of
the opposite sex to provide cares
– Some prefer distance during cares
Gestures/ eye contact
– Gestures may have different meanings
– Eye contact may be offensive
Cultural Influences
Pain:
– Some demonstrate pain by being very
emotional
– Some view displays of pain as being weak
Personal hygiene:
– Bathing may not be done routinely/ or may
be very frequent
– Women may not want body hair removed
Cultural influences
Clothing:
– Men may cover their heads
– Women may cover their heads and only have face
and hands in view
Health Practices:
– May want cultural remedies
– May want herbs, spices, teas or wraps
– Check to see if this interferes with treatment
Common Characteristics of
Normal Aging
There are many
myths about aging.
A myth is an
unproven idea or
belief such as “old
people can’t learn”.
Facts about Aging
Aging is a natural process, begins at
birth
basic needs of the elderly are the same
as any age group
Individuals age at different rates
aging process is influenced by lifestyle,
nutrition, wellness, mental and
emotional health
Most elderly live healthy, independent
Aging Facts
Most elderly have satisfying
relationships with family and friends
Most elderly enjoy retirement
Many elderly are involved in community
and volunteer work
Many elderly have a deep sense of
spirituality and feeling of peace
Aging does not occur at a certain age
Home Health Aide
Unit Two
Basic Human Needs
Basic Human Needs
Objectives:
– Discuss Life Span Growth and Development
– Discuss Family Dynamics
– Define Family Stress
Growth and Development
Growth:
– Refers to physical
changes in the body
– growth begins at
conception and
continues to full
physical maturity
– Physical changes in
adulthood are
influences by
nutrition, lifestyle,
etc.
Development:
– Refers to social,
emotional, and
psychological
changes that occur
throughout life.
– It’s influenced by life
experiences,
individual behavior
– Moves from simple to
complex.
Family
A family is a group of people tied
together by common interests and
concern about the well being and needs
of members. “Traditional Family” usually
refers to a married man and women
and children. Today there are many
family units containing single parents,
extended families, and groups of
unrelated friends.
Family Dynamics
The way individuals
in a family relate to
and interact with
each other is known
as family dynamics
– Each family has
individual needs.
– Families have their
own rules related to
how they operate as
a group.
– Each person has a
role in the group, or
several roles.
– Usually roles are
learned from older
family members.
There may not be a
role model for
healthy development
– In a stressed family
children may have an
adult role.
Home Health Aide
HHA’s need to be
aware of family
dynamics and how it
affects the client.
Some family
dynamics may not
feel comfortable for
you. Discuss your
feelings with your
supervisor.
Define Family Stress
Family Stress occurs when one or more
events or behaviors affects the normal
functioning of the family. Some events
might include:
– Chemical dependency/ substance abuse
– Loss of income due to illness or
termination. This effects living
arrangements, nutritional need, insurance
coverage, self esteem, everyday activities.
Child Abuse
Child abuse is any
act that causes
harm or pain to
someone who is less
then 18 years old.
– Harm can be
physical, emotional,
or sexual.
– Includes situations
that pose a risk for
harm
Chronic Illnesses
Chronic illnesses are
those diseases that
last for a long time,
often the remainder
of life.
– Places stress on
entire family due to
loss of role in family
unit
– Often places financial
stress.
Developmental Disabilities
Any condition which interferes with
normal growth and development is a
disability.
– May interfere with the way a person
speaks, learns, or completes ADL’s
– Usually as a result of heredity, or birth
injury. (cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol,MR.)
– Places stress on family due to health care
costs and special services needed.
Children's Response to Family
Stress
Children may not
get adequate
attention and
support for normal
growth and
development.
Child may withdraw
or have untypical
behaviors.
Child fears and
anxiety will depend
on age. They may
think a parent will
leave or never get
better.
Untypical Behaviors
Child may become
over dependent on
others and
demanding
May not follow
normal routines,
such as nap time.
Regresses to earlier
stage.(incontinent)
Physical complaints