Transcript Medical_Terminology10_Respiratory
The Language Of Medicine
Dr. Michael Gillespie
CHAPTER 12 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM 2
CHAPTER GOALS
Name the organs of the respiratory system and describe their location and function.
Identify various pathological conditions that affect the system.
Learn medical terms that pertain to respiration.
3
CHAPTER GOALS
Describe important clinical procedures related to the respiratory system, and recognize relevant abbreviations.
Apply your new knowledge to understanding medical terms in their proper contexts, such as medical reports and records.
4
INTRODUCTION
External respiration: Exchange of air in lung capillaries oxygen inhaled into the air sacs of the lungs immediately passes into capillaries carbon dioxide passes from capillaries into air sacs, to be exhaled 5
INTRODUCTION (CONT’D)
Internal respiration: Exchange of gases in the cells occurs simultaneously between cells and capillaries oxygen passes out of the bloodstream into the tissues carbon dioxide passes out of tissues back into the bloodstream to travel to the lungs 6
RESPIRATORY ANATOMY
Mediastinum: Middle of chest where trachea divides into two branches Bronchi: Each leads to a separate lung Lungs: Lobes are not mirror images Hilum: Blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic tissue, and bronchial tubes enter and exit 7
ANATOMY OF RESPIRATION
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ANATOMY OF RESPIRATION
9
RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES
Conduct air Nose Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses Pharynx Larynx Trachea Exchange gases Bronchioles Alveoli Lung capillaries 10
RESPIRATORY FLOW CHART
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RESPIRATORY FLOW CHART
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VOCABULARY
adenoids alveolus (alveoli) apex of the lung base of the lung brochioles bronchus (bronchi) carbon dioxide 13
VOCABULARY
cilia diaphragm epiglottis expiration glottis hilum inspiration larynx 14
VOCABULARY
lobe mediastinum nares oxygen palatine tonsil paranasal sinus parietal pleura 15
VOCABULARY
pharynx pleura pleural cavity pulmonary parenchyma respiration trachea visceral pleura 16
QUICK QUIZ:
1. What is the tip or uppermost portion of the lung?
A.
base B.
lobe C.
apex D.
nares 17
COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
adenoid/o alveol/o bronch/o bronchi/o bronchiol/o capn/o
Meaning
adenoids alveolus, air sac bronchial tube bronchus bronchiole, small bronchus carbon dioxide 18
COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form Meaning
coni/o cyan/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o dust blue epiglottis larynx, voice box lobe of the lung mediastin/o mediastinum 19
COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
nas/o orth/o ox/o pector/o pharyng/o phon/o
Meaning
nose straight, upright oxygen chest pharynx, throat voice 20
COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form Meaning
phren/o pleur/o diaphragm pleura pneum/o air, lung pneumon/o lung pulmon/o lung rhin/o nose 21
COMBINING FORMS AND TERMINOLOGY
Combining Form
sinus/o spir/o tel/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o
Meaning
sinus cavity breathing complete chest tonsils trachea, windpipe 22
COMBINING FORMS, SUFFIXES, AND TERMINOLOGY SUFFIXES
Suffix
-ema -osmia -pnea -ptysis -sphyxia -thorax
Meaning
condition smell breathing spitting pulse pleural cavity, chest 23
DIAGNOSTIC TERMS
auscultation percussion pleural rub rale (crackle) rhonchus sputum stridor wheeze 24
PATHOLOGY
Upper Respiratory Disorders croup diphtheria epistaxis pertussis 25
PATHOLOGY
Bronchial Tube Disorders asthma bronchiectasis chronic bronchitis cystic fibrosis 26
PATHOLOGY
Lung Disorders atelectasis emphysema lung cancer pneumoconiosis pneumonia pulmonary abscess pulmonary edema pulmonary embolism (PE) pulmonary fibrosis sarcoidosis tuberculosis (TB) 27
PATHOLOGY LUNG DISORDERS Atelectasis Two forms Proximal obstruction of distal airways Accumulations of fluid, blood, or air in pleural cavity 28
PATHOLOGY
Pleural Disorders mesothelioma pleural effusion pleurisy (pleuritis) pneumothorax 29
PATHOLOGY PLEURAL DISORDERS Pneumothorax: Air gathers in the pleural cavity 30
STUDY SECTION
anthracosis asbestosis bacilli chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) cor pulmonale exudate hydrothorax infiltrate palliative paroxysmal pulmonary infarction purulent silicosis 31
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
X-rays chest x-ray (CXR) computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest pulmonary angiography 32
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
X-rays: Radiographic imaging 33
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Magnetic waves create images 34
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Radioactive Tests Positron emission tomography (PET) scan of the lung: Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan: inhalation of radioactive gas for imaging, followed by injection of different radioactive material for imaging 35
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Bronchioscopy: Fiberoptic or rigid endoscope inserted into the bronchial tubes for diagnosis, biopsy, or collection of specimens 36
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Endotracheal intubation: placement of tube from mouth to trachea to establish airway 37
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
laryngoscopy lung biopsy mediastinoscopy pulmonary function tests (PFTs) thoracotomy thorascopy tracheostomy tuberculin test tube thoracostomy 38
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Thoracentesis: surgical puncture to remove fluid from pleural space 39
CLINICAL PROCEDURES
Tracheostomy: Surgical creation of opening into the trachea through the neck 40
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
adenoid/o alveol/o bronch/o bronchi/o bronchiol/o capn/o
Meaning
____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ 41
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
adenoid/o alveol/o bronch/o bronchi/o bronchiol/o capn/o
Meaning
adenoids alveolus; air sac; small sac bronchial tube bronchial tube bronchiole carbon dioxide 42
REVIEW SHEET COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
coni/o cyan/o epiglott/o laryng/o lob/o mediastin/o
Meaning
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 43
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form Meaning
coni/o cyan/o epiglott/o dust blue epiglottis laryng/o lob/o larynx (voice box) lobe mediastin/o mediastinum 44
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
nas/o orth/o ox/o pector/o pharyng/o phon/o
Meaning
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ 45
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
nas/o orth/o ox/o pector/o pharyng/o phon/o
Meaning
nose straight oxygen chest throat (pharynx) voice; sound 46
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
phren/o pleur/o pneum/o pneumon/o pulmon/o rhin/o
Meaning
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 47
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form Meaning
phren/o pleur/o pneum/o diaphragm; mind pleura lung; air; gas pneumon/o lung; air; gas pulmon/o rhin/o lung nose 48
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
sinus/o spir/o tel/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o
Meaning
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 49
REVIEW SHEET
COMBINING FORMS
Combining Form
sinus/o spir/o tel/o thorac/o tonsill/o trache/o
Meaning
sinus to breathe complete chest tonsil trachea (windpipe) 50
REVIEW SHEER
SUFFIXES
Suffix
-ema -osmia -pnea -ptysis -sphyxia -thorax
Meaning
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ 51
REVIEW SHEET
SUFFIXES
Suffix
-ema -osmia -pnea -ptysis -sphyxia -thorax
Meaning
condition smell breathing spitting pulse chest; pleural cavity 52