Transcript Unit 07 Science and Technology

大学英语 1
College English 1
Unit 7 Science and Technology
By FENG Pengpeng
Outline
 Text A Conversation:
The Company That Wasn’t
 Text B Internet Issues
 Exercises






Conversation
Reading Comprehension
Vocabulary and Structure
Cloze
Translation
Writing
Text A
Conversation: The Company That Wasn’t
 The company that wasn’t a company
(in the traditional sense)
Text: An Overview
 Ann finds Smith Investment Company,
a respected local firm, is looking for
someone speaking Chinese for some
translation work. She sends an e-mail
to the contact person and gets the
chance for an interview.
 Receptionist: May I help you?
 Ann: Yes, my name is Ann, and I
have a two o’clock appointment
with Ms. Andrea O’Brien.
 Receptionist: Please
have a seat. She’ll be
with you soon.
 Andrea: Ann? Good afternoon! I’m
Andrea O’Brien. Nice to meet you.
 Ann: Nice to meet you, too. Sorry
I’m a little late… I’m not sure if I had
the right address or not. I was
expecting a large office building…
 Andrea: Well, we used to have our
own building downtown. But now we
created this virtual office environment.
 Ann: Oh yeah! I heard about these
types of companies, but exactly how
does a virtual office work?
 Andrea: It’s pretty simple, really. About
everything is done with a computer and
a telephone. All we had to do was move
the equipment in the old building to the
homes of our employees and hook them
up to our network.
 Ann: This is really interesting. But
don’t people ever need to come into
the office?
 Andrea: No, not really. They can do
their job easily from home via the
Internet. Whenever they do have a
scheduled meeting, they always go to
their client’s office or home.
 Ann: But what about your own staff
meeting?
 Andrea: We rely on
teleconferencing, holding open
discussion on the phone.
 Ann: That’s pretty amazing. So,
what’s this office for?
 Andrea: Management decided that
we still needed an office, although
a small one. The network
mainframe is here. And, besides,
we still have people drop by with
deliveries and mails, so a
receptionist is needed as well.
 Ann: Wow! It seems strange, but I
guess there’s really no reason for your
employees to come to work in an office.
 Andrea: Not at all… Now, what about
this job interview I was supposed to be
conducting here? You’ve been doing all
the interviewing!
 Ann: I’m sorry…
Language Study: Details
 Ann finds Smith Investment Company,
a respected local firm, is looking for
someone speaking Chinese for some
translation work. She sends an e-mail
to the contact person and gets the
chance for an interview.
 Smith Investment Company
 investment company: a company whose main
business is holding securities of other companies
purely for investment purposes. The investment
company invests money on behalf of its
shareholders who in turn share in the profits and
losses. 投资公司
 investment: the act of putting money, effort,
time, etc. into something to make a profit or get
an advantage 投资 e.g.
There's been a significant investment of time
and energy in order to make the project a
success.
Stocks are regarded as good long-term
investments.
 a respected local firm
 respected: 受人尊敬的
 local 当地的，本地的，本土的 e.g.
a local newspaper/radio station
Most of the local population depend on
fishing for their income.
 firm: n. 公司
 the contact person 联系人
 contact: n. 联系 v. 联系 e.g.
For additional information, please contact your
local sales office.
如需了解更多信息，请联系我们在当地的销售办公室。
Many infectious diseases pass from one person
to another by direct contact.
许多传染病通过直接接触从一个人传给另一个人。
 an interview n. 面试 ，采访，接见 ，访谈e.g.
a telephone interview 电话采访/访谈
a dry interview 一无所成的面试
Language Study: Details
 Ann finds Smith Investment Company, a
respected local firm, is looking for someone
speaking Chinese for some translation work.
She sends an e-mail to the contact person
and gets the chance for an interview.
 安发现当地一家享有盛誉的公司——史密斯投资公
司——正在寻找一个说中文的人做一些翻译工作。
她给联系人发了一封电子邮件，得到了面试的机会。
 Receptionist: May I help you?
 Ann: Yes, my name is Ann, and I
have a two o’clock appointment
with Ms. Andrea O’Brien.
 Receptionist: Please have a seat.
She’ll be with you soon.

口语中一句极为常用的句子（也说
What can I do for you？ 或
May I help you？ 等），广泛用
Receptionist:
a
person
who
works
in
a
于商店、饭店、旅馆、邮局、办事
place such
as a hotel, office or
处等场所，作为对顾客的招呼语。
hospital,
who welcomes and helps
其本义是：要我帮忙吗？我可以帮
但具
visitors你吗？我能替你做点什么吗？
and answers the telephone
接
体含义要视场合而定。
待员
 Conversation:
-- May I help you?
Examples
 A：What can I do for you，madam？夫人，你
要买点什么？
B：I‘m looking for a dress for my daughter.
我想想为女儿买件连衣裙。
 A：Can I help yon，sir？先生，要吃点什么吗？
B：Just a cup of tea and two eggs， please.
只要一杯茶和两只鸡蛋。
 A：What can I do for you？你要邮寄什么？
B：I‘d like to send this parcel to Beijing. 我要
把这个包寄到北京去。
my name is Ann, and I have a two
o’clock appointment with Ms. Andrea
O’Brien
 appointment: a formal arrangement to
meet or visit someone at a particular
time and place 预约
 have an ~ with sb.
 I'd like to make an appointment with
Doctor Evans, please.
 She had to cancel her dental appointment.
 Conversation review: Introducing
oneself:
 My name is…
Please have a seat. She’ll be with you
soon.
 Have a seat:
have a seat 等于 sit down, 都是“请坐”
的意思。 Have a seat,please 比Please
sit down更常用, Be seated也可以表示请
坐的意思,但是它比Please sit down更礼貌。
have a seat还可以说成 take a seat。
 She’ll be with you soon. 她马上过来。
Translation
 Receptionist: May I help you?
 Ann: Yes, my name is Ann, and I have a
two o’clock appointment with Ms.
Andrea O’Brien.
 Receptionist: Please have a seat. She’ll be
with you soon.
 接待员: 有什么需要我帮助的？
 安: 我是安，与安德里亚·欧布莱恩女士约了两点见
面。
 接待员: 请坐一下，她马上过来。
 Andrea: Ann? Good afternoon! I’m
Andrea O’Brien. Nice to meet you.
 Ann: Nice to meet you, too. Sorry
I’m a little late… I’m not sure if I had
the right address or not. I was
expecting a large office building…
 Andrea: Well, we used to have our
own building downtown. But now we
created this virtual office environment.
 conversation review: introducing
oneself and greeting
 Good afternoon! I’m Andrea O’Brien.
Nice to meet you.
 Nice to meet you, too.
 I’m not sure if I had the right
address or not.
 If 引导宾语从句，表示“是否”。
if/whether引导宾语从句
 if或whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常
放在动词ask 、see 、say 、know和find out等
后面。一般情况下，两者常可换用，在口语中多用
if。
 如： Nobody knows whether (if) it will rain
tomorrow. 没有人知道明天是否下雨
 if或whether引导的宾语从句时，虽具有疑问意义，
但从句语序应用陈述句语序。如： Did you know
the way to the hospital？The old woman
asked me .
宾语从句表达为：The old woman asked me if
(whether) I knew the way to the hospital.老
妇人问我是否知道去医院的路。
 if或whether引导的宾语从句应和主句的时态保持一致。即主
句为一般现在时，从句用任一种时态；主句为一般过去时，从
句则用过去时中的任一种时态。
 if和whether的区别：
 1 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如： I can’t decide
whether to stay.  我不能决定是否留下。
 2 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如： I want to
know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好
消息。
 3 在介词后，只能用whether。如：His father is worried
about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失
去工作。
 4 宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用whether 。如：
Whether they can finish the work on time is still a
problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。
 I was expecting a large office
building…
 expect: to look forward to the probable
occurrence or appearance of 期待/期望某
事的发生或出现 e.g.
I’m execting a phone call. 我在等一个电话。
He expects rains on Sunday. 他预期周日会下
雨。
 we used to have our own building
downtown.
 used to do sth表示过去常常做某事，而现在往往不做
了 e.g. I used to get up early in the morning
when i was still a hight school student.
 比较：be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 e.g. I
am used to living in the countryside now. 我已经
习惯了乡村的生活。
 downtown: n./ adv. 市区，商业区 e.g.
I am going downtown. 我去市区。
5 minutes from downtown距离市区5分钟路程
 But now we created this virtual office
environment.
 virtual:adj. of or relating to a computer technique
by which a person, wearing a headset or mask,
has the experience of being in an environment
created by the computer, and of interacting with
and causing changes in it 虚拟的
e.g. virtual world 虚拟世界
virtual reality 虚拟现实
 environment: 环境
翻译
 Andrea: Ann? Good afternoon! I’m Andrea O’Brien.
Nice to meet you.
 Ann: Nice to meet you, too. Sorry I’m a little late…
I’m not sure if I had the right address or not. I was
expecting a large office building…
 Andrea: Well, we used to have our own building
downtown. But now we created this virtual office
environment.
 安德里亚: 是安吗？下午好，我是安德里亚·欧布莱恩。很高兴
见到你。
 安: 我也很高兴见到你，很抱歉我迟到了……我不确定地址是
否正确，我原以为会是一个很大的写字楼。
 安德里亚: 我们过去在市中心是有自己的写字楼的，不过现在
我们启用了这个虚拟办公环境。
 Ann: Oh yeah! I heard about these
types of companies, but exactly how
does a virtual office work?
 Andrea: It’s pretty simple, really. About
everything is done with a computer and
a telephone. All we had to do was move
the equipment in the old building to the
homes of our employees and hook them
up to our network.
 I heard about these types of
companies, but exactly how does a
virtual office work?
 hear about 听说，了解 e.g. hear about my
new job/ the new project
 exactly adv. 准确地，精确地 e.g. exactly
true千真万确
Tell me exactly where
Mary lives.请确切告诉我玛丽住在那里
 How does … work? 询问某种事物或程序的运
作
 It’s pretty simple, really. About
everything is done with a computer
and a telephone.
 pretty: adv. 相当，表示程度 e.g. This film
is pretty good. 这个电影相当不错。
 really在此表示强调 e.g. I am really
depressed. 我实在很忧郁。
 About everything is done with… 被动语态
复习
 All we had to do was move the equipment
in the old building to the homes of our
employees and hook them up to our
network.
 All we had to do was …表示“我们能做的只有……”
本句的主语是all+宾语从句，was后动词用原型，或动
词不定式 e.g.
All we have to do is believe in him. 我们能做的只
有相信他。
All we had to do was wait till it got dark. 我们能
做的只有等待天黑。
 equipment n. 仪器，设备
equipment management 设备管理
lifesaving equipment 救生设备
 hook .. up: connect or link 连接
The company sent a man to hook up the
telephone. 公司派人去装电话。
It will take three days to hook our computer
system up to the university's.
需要三天把计算机系统与大学的计算机系统相连接。
Translation
 Ann: Oh yeah! I heard about these types of
companies, but exactly how does a virtual office work?
 Andrea: It’s pretty simple, really. About everything is
done with a computer and a telephone. All we had to
do was move the equipment in the old building to the
homes of our employees and hook them up to our
network.
 安: 哦，对啊，我以前听说过这种公司，但是虚拟办公究竟是
怎么回事？
 安德里亚: 实际上很简单，大概所有的事情都通过电脑和电话
完成。我们要做的就是把旧写字楼中的设备搬到员工的家中，
并且接通网络。
 Ann: This is really interesting. But
don’t people ever need to come into
the office?
 Andrea: No, not really. They can do
their job easily from home via the
Internet. Whenever they do have a
scheduled meeting, they always go to
their client’s office or home.
 Conversation:
 This is really interesting. 对别人说的话
表示兴趣，以使谈话继续进行。
 Conversation：
 But don’t people ever need to come into
the office? 难道人们不需要……
 No, not really.
 They can do their job easily from
home via the Internet.
 via: prep. By way of; by means of 通过;
凭借 e.g.
He went to Taiwan via Hong Kong.
He sent the letter via airmail.
 Whenever they do have a scheduled meeting, they
always go to their client’s office or home.
 whenever: 无论何时 e.g.
 You seem to have a ready-made answer,
whenever I ask you a question.每逢我问你
问题, 你总好象有现成的答案。
 a scheduled meeting
scheduled adj. something arranged for a certain
time 预定的
e.g. a scheduled dinner/visit
 client n. 客户
Translation
 Ann: This is really interesting. But don’t
people ever need to come into the office?
 Andrea: No, not really. They can do their
job easily from home via the Internet.
Whenever they do have a scheduled
meeting, they always go to their client’s
office or home.
 安: 真有意思。难道公司员工从来不需要来办公室
吗？
 安德里亚: 对，不需要。他们可以在家中通过网络
方便地工作。无论什么时候，如果的确有预定的会
议，他们总是去客户的办公室或家中。
 Ann: But what about your own staff meeting?
 Andrea: We rely on teleconferencing, holding
open discussion on the phone.
 Ann: That’s pretty amazing. So, what’s this
office for?
 Andrea: Management decided that we still
needed an office, although a small one. The
network mainframe is here. And, besides, we
still have people drop by with deliveries and
mails, so a receptionist is needed as well.
 But what about your own staff
meeting?
 what about…? ……怎么样？在此用于询
问某方面的情况。e.g.
What about the weather in your home
town? 你们家乡的气候如何？
what about还可以用于提出建议、征询对方看
法等。
 staff meeting 员工会议
 We rely on teleconferencing,
holding open discussion on the
phone.




rely on 依赖，依靠
teleconferencing 电话会议
hold discussion 进行讨论
本句中现在分词holding…用作方式状语，
其逻辑主语是句子主语we。
 That’s pretty amazing. So,
what’s this office for?
 That’s pretty amazing.对别人的话作出
回应以使谈话继续进行
 What is … for? 用于询问目的或用处
e.g.
What is this building for? 这座大楼时
干嘛用的？
 Management decided that we still
needed an office, although a small one.
 management n. 管理层
 that引导的宾语从句，从句为陈述句
 比较if引导的宾语从句：从句为一般疑问句。
I don’t know that he will com tomorrow.我不知道
他明天会来。
I don’t know if he will come tomorrow.我不知道他
明天是否要来。
 The network mainframe is here. And,
besides, we still have people drop by
with deliveries and mails, so a
receptionist is needed as well.
 network n. 网络
 mainframe n. a large, powerful computer,
often serving several connected terminals. 〈计〉
主机，大型机
 besides： in addition; also; moreover;
furthermore 除…之外;也;而且;还
Ann is good at playing piano. Besides,
she is an excellent singer.
 have people drop by
 have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，do为省略to的不定式
 drop by 顺便访问，顺便来访 e.g. Drop by
whenever you have time. 什么时候有空随时来玩。
 … so a receptionist is needed as well.
 as well 也，还
Why don‘t you come along as well? 为什么你不也
一起来呢？
He undertook other important work as well. 他也
从事其它的重要工作。
 Ann: But what about your own staff meeting?
 Andrea: We rely on teleconferencing, holding open
discussion on the phone.
 Ann: That’s pretty amazing. So, what’s this office for?
 Andrea: Management decided that we still needed an
office, although a small one. The network mainframe is
here. And, besides, we still have people drop by with
deliveries and mails, so a receptionist is needed as well.
 安: 那你们自己的员工会议怎么办？
 安德里亚: 我们利用电话会议，在电话上进行公开讨论。
 安: 太令人惊讶了。那这间办公室用来做什么呢？
 安德里亚: 管理层决定我们仍然需要一间办公室，虽然面积很小。
网络的主机安装在这里。而且，还有送货或送邮件的人会来，因
此还需要一位接待员。
 Ann: Wow! It seems strange, but I
guess there’s really no reason for your
employees to come to work in an office.
 Andrea: Not at all… Now, what about
this job interview I was supposed to be
conducting here? You’ve been doing all
the interviewing!
 Ann: I’m sorry…
 Wow! It seems strange, but I guess
there’s really no reason for your
employees to come to work in an
office.
 wow: 感叹词，表示惊讶。
 there’s no reason …没有理由
 for somebody to do sth. 动词不定式复合式，
其中somebody是do的逻辑主语。e.g. It’s no
use for us to go on. 我们继续也没有用。 It’s
for you to decide on it. 由你做决定。
 conversation:
A: I guess there’s really no reason for your
employees to come to work in an office.
B: Not at all…
前面的人所说的负面信息there’s really no
reason…，因此用Not at all这一否定的表达
表示同意。
 what about this job interview I was
supposed to be conducting here? You’ve
been doing all the interviewing!
 定语从句 this job interview I was supposed to be
conducting here，其中interview为从句中的宾语
 be supposed to: be expected or required to do
sth. (by rules, custom,etc) 应该, 被期望 e.g.
We are not supposed to play football on
Sundays.
Students are supposed to attend classes on time.
 conduct:
v. act; directing or
controlling执行，做 e.g.
 Your children conduct themselves well.
 My aunt conducts her business very
successfully.
 have been doing 现在完成进行时
 现在完成进行时表示某动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到
现在，并且还有可能持续下去。如：We have been waiting
for him for two hours. 我们等他等了两个小时。
 现在完成时强调动作的完成，而现在完成进行时强调动作的延
续，因此，表示动作的完成，只能用现在完成时，而不能用现
在完成进行时。如：He has changed his idea. 他改变了想
法。
 在表示动作的延续时，虽然既可用现在完成时，也可用现在完
成进行时，但现在完成进行时强调动作的进行。因此在需要明
确表示动作还要持续下去时，应用现在完成进行时。如：We
have been studying here for two years. 我们在这儿已经
学习了两年了。
 有些延续性动词(如 keep, learn, live, stay, study, work
等)，用于现在完成时或现在完成进行时的区别不大。如：I
have lived here for many years.=I have been living
here for many years. 我在这儿住了多年了。
 Ann: Wow! It seems strange, but I guess there’s really
no reason for your employees to come to work in an
office.
 Andrea: Not at all… Now, what about this job interview
I was supposed to be conducting here? You’ve been
doing all the interviewing!
 Ann: I’m sorry…
 安: 哇！看上去很不同寻常，不过我看你们的员工也的确没有什
么理由要到办公室工作了。
 安德里亚: 完全没有必要……那么我本来应该在这里进行的面试
如何呢？你一直在面试我！
 安: 不好意思……
Idiomatic Study: Making a
Conversation Going
Idiomatic Study: Making a
Conversation Going
Making comments:
"No!" - to show surprise
"I don't believe it!" - to show surprise
"Wow!" - to show admiration or surprise
"That's interesting/ incredible / amazing
/ unbelievable" - to show great interest
in the subject of conversation
 "How awful / terrible" - to show
sympathy with someone else's bad news





 Asking questions
 "Really?" - to show surprise
 "And you?" - when someone asks you
how you are doing
 "Did you?" - can be used to
encourage someone to tell his/her
story.
 5 WH questions where appropriate—
WHAT? WHERE? WHEN? WHY? and
WHO?
Unit 7 Science and Technology
Text B
Internet Issues
Main idea
 Paragraph 1: the wide application of
the Internet
 Paragraph 2: there is a lack of
censorship or control over what
appears on the Internet.
 Paragraph 3: there are also problems
about privacy and control of
communication on the Internet.
Detailed-reading: Paragraph 1
 The Internet is an amazing information
sources. Students, teachers, and
researchers use it as an investigative
tool. Journalists use it to find
information for stories. Doctors use it
to learn more about unfamiliar
diseases and the latest medical
developments. Ordinary people use it
for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and
communicating with family and friends.
The Internet is an amazing
information source.
 amazing: adj. 令人惊讶的 e.g.
 an amazing discovery 令人惊讶的发现
 It is amazing that she should have said nothing
about it. 她对那件事竟只字未提，真是奇怪
 Source: n. someone or something that
supplies information 源泉，来源 e.g.
 The journalist refused to reveal her sources.
 Always acknowledge your sources at the end of
an essay.
Students, teachers, and researchers use it
as an investigative tool.
 use … as 把……当作……使用
 Investigative: adj. intended to
examine a situation in order to
discover the truth 调查性的 e.g.
 the investigative committee 调查委员会
 Do some investigative work about the
Twin Towers .做一些关于世贸大楼的调查工
作。
Doctors use it to learn more about
unfamiliar diseases and the latest medical
developments.
 Learn about: to get knowledge or skill
in a new subject or activity e.g.
 I’ve learned a lot about computers since
I started work here.
 unfamiliar: adj. 不熟悉的
 un-前缀表示否定，e.g. unhappiness,
unfriendly
 Latest: being the newest or most
recent or modern e.g.
 Have you seen her latest movie?
 the latest fashions
Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, billpaying, and communicating with family and
friends.
 ordinary:
 bill-paying:
 pay one’s bill 付账单
 use的用法：
 use … as …（n.)
 use … to do sth.
 use… for doing sth.
translation
 The Internet is an amazing information sources.
Students, teachers, and researchers use it as an
investigative tool. Journalists use it to find
information for stories. Doctors use it to learn
more about unfamiliar diseases and the latest
medical developments. Ordinary people use it
for shopping, banking, bill-paying, and
communicating with family and friends.
 因特网是一个奇妙的信息来源。学生、教师和研究人员
将它当作研究工具；记者利用它寻找新闻报道的信息；
医生利用它更多地了解不为人知的疾病和最新的医学发
展；普通人利用它购物、处理银行事务、付账、与亲朋
好友保持联系。
 People all over the world use it to
connect with individuals from other
countries and cultures. However,
while there are many positive
developments associated with the
Internet, there are also certain fears
and concerns.
People all over the world use it to connect
with individuals from other countries and
cultures.
 All over the world: 全世界，也可以说
 All around the world
 Throughout the world
 connect with与……保持联系
 individual: n. 个人 adj. 个人的，个体的 e.g.
 individual difference 个别差异
 No state organ, public organization or individual
may compel citizens to believe in, or not to
believe in, any religion.
任何国家机关、社会团体和个人不得强制公民信仰宗教
或者不信仰宗教。
However, while there are many positive
developments associated with the Internet, there
are also certain fears and concerns.
 However: adv. despite this 然而 e.g.
 There may, however, be other reason that we
don’t know about.
 This is one possible solution to the problem.
However, there are others.
 While: conj. Despite the fact that; but e.g.
 While he was not poor, he had no ready cash. 他
虽然不穷，却无现金。
 While there are many difficulties， we are
confident to carry out the plan. 尽管有许多困难，
我们还是有信心执行这一计划。
 positive: adj. 积极的，正面的
 play a positive role 发挥积极的作用
 a positive character 正面人物
 Concern: n. worry e.g.
 a top concern 至关重要的问题
 My concern is that you’re not getting
enough work done.
 Concern for the two missing teenagers is
growing.
Translation
 People all over the world use it to connect
with individuals from other countries and
cultures. However, while there are many
positive developments associated with the
Internet, there are also certain fears and
concerns.
 全世界的人都通过网络与其他国家与文化中的人们
进行联系。但是，虽然有许多积极的发展与因特网
有关，也有一些恐惧和担忧。
Paragraph 2
 One concern relates to a lack of
censorship or control over what
appears on the Internet. Anyone can
put information on the Internet that
can then be read by anyone else, at
any time. This makes it very different
from television or radio.
One concern relates to a lack of censorship
or control over what appears on the
Internet.
 relate to 与……有关 e.g.
 Children need to learn to relate to other
children. 孩子们应该学会与其他孩子友好相
处。
 Lack of sth: when something is not
available or when there is not enough
of it 缺少 e.g.
 Her only problem is lack of confidence.
 We won’t be going on holiday this year–
lack of funds, I’m afraid.
 Censorship: n. the practice of censoring
books, films 审查制度 e.g.
 The new censorship law will put the clock back
(by) 50 years. 新的审查条例是开倒车, 要退回到50
年前的水平.
 censorship of the press 新闻审查制度
 censor：n./v. 检查 e.g.
The play was banned by the censor. 该剧本
被查禁了。
It is not constitutional to censor the press.
审查新闻是违反宪法的。
Anyone can put information on the Internet that
can then be read by anyone else, at any time.
 that引导定语从句，修饰information
 anyone else 其他任何人
 at any time 在任何时间
This makes it very different from
television or radio.
 make …different from …使……与……
不同
 make +宾语+宾语补足语(可以是形容词、名
词或省略to的不定式） e.g.
Travelling abroad made him a totally
different person.
 be different from: 与……不同 e.g.
 Ann is totally different from her sister.
Paragraph 2
 One concern relates to a lack of censorship
or control over what appears on the
Internet. Anyone can put information on
the Internet that can then be read by
anyone else, at any time. This makes it
very different from television or radio.
 一个担忧是关于网络上出现的内容缺少审查或控制。
任何人都可以在因特网上发布信息，这些信息能够
被其他任何人在任何时间阅读，这使得网络与电视
或电台截然不同。
 With television and radio there are
editors to check the accuracy or
appropriateness of the content of
program, and with television there are
restrictions on what kinds of programs
can be broadcast and at what times of
the day. With the Internet, parents
cannot check a published guide to
determine what is suitable for their
children to see.
With television and radio there are editors
to check the accuracy or appropriateness
of the content of program…
 there are editors to check… there be句型中
表示有人做某事是要用 to do
 Accuracy: n. being exact or correct e.g.
 I doubt the accuracy of your statement.
 Some translators sacrifice accuracy to
vividness.
 Appropriateness: n. the quality of being
specially suitable e.g.
 appropriateness of behavior
… and with television there are restrictions on
what kinds of programs can be broadcast and at
what times of the day.
 restriction: n. 限制 e.g.




relax restriction on immigration 放宽移民限制
There is no restriction on gender. 男女不限。
对某方面的限制，用介词on
restrict v. 限制
 Broadcast: v. to send out a programme on
television or radio 广播，播出 e.g.
 When does this channel broadcast?
With the Internet, parents cannot check a
published guide to determine what is suitable for
their children to see.
 a published guide 印刷好的指南
 published为过去分词做定语
 Determine: v. to control or influence
something directly, or to influence
what will happen 决定 e.g.
 Your health is determined in part by
what you eat.
 People should be allowed to determine
their own future.
 With television and radio there are editors to
check the accuracy or appropriateness of the
content of program, and with television there
are restrictions on what kinds of programs can
be broadcast and at what times of the day.
With the Internet, parents cannot check a
published guide to determine what is suitable
for their children to see.
 电视和电台有编辑审查节目内容是否准确或合适，而且
电视还有许多限制，比如什么节目能够在一天的什么时
间播出。在因特网上，父母无法求助于印刷的指南来决
定那些内容适合他们的子女观看。
 While software can be used to block
access to certain websites, such as
those displaying pornography, this
can never be completely effective.
While software can be used to block access to
certain websites, such as those displaying
pornography…
 while 表示让步，尽管
 block：v. 阻碍，阻塞，拦网 e.g.
 The road was blocked by a huge rock. 道路
被一块大石头堵住了
 The trees outside the window blocked off
the sun. 窗外的树木挡住了阳光。
 Access: n. 通路，使用之权 e.g.
 The only access to the village is by boat.
 The system is designed to give users quick
and easy access to the information.
 such as 例如
 Pornography: books, magazines,
films, etc. with no artistic value which
describe or show sexual acts or naked
people in a way that is intended to be
sexually exciting but would be
considered unpleasant or offensive by
many people. 色情
 While software can be used to block
access to certain websites, such as
those displaying pornography, this
can never be completely effective.
 虽然能够利用软件阻隔进入某些网站，比如
一些色情网站，但是这并不是完全有效的。
Paragraph 3
 There are also concerns about privacy
and control of communication on the
Internet. For example, when you use
e-mail communication or participate
in chat groups, it is possible that your
private messages may be read by
others without your knowing.
There are also concerns about privacy and
control of communication on the Internet.
 There are concerns about …
 privacy : n. someone’s right to keep
their personal matters and
relationships secret 隐私 e.g.
 The new law is to protect people’s
privacy.
 Everyone has his own privacy.
For example, when you use e-mail
communication or participate in chat
groups,
 for example 例如
 participate in: to take part in or
become involved in an activity参加 e.g.
 She never participates in any of our
discussions, does she?
 Many students participate in sports.
 Chat group: a group of people who
are chatting together on line 聊天组
… it is possible that your private messages
may be read by others without your
knowing.
 it is possible that… that引导主语从句，
it为形式主语
 without your knowing：while you
don’t know about it yourself
 your knowing是现在分词复合结构，know的
逻辑主语是you
translation
 There are also concerns about privacy and
control of communication on the Internet.
For example, when you use e-mail
communication or participate in chat
groups, it is possible that your private
messages may be read by others without
your knowing.
 另外的担忧涉及网络上的隐私和信息操控。例如，
如果你使用电子邮件或参加一些聊天组，很有可能
在你不知情时你的个人信息被其他人阅读。
 If you buy things on-line or simply
surf the Internet, it is possible to
trace all the websites that you visit.
Someone may be looking over your
shoulder “electronically”. Such
information can be used to build up a
profile of your interests and habits.
If you buy things on-line or simply surf the Internet, it is
possible to trace all the websites that you visit. Someone
may be looking over your shoulder “electronically”.
 on-line：adj. 在线的 e.g.
 on-line shopping/ banking
 surf: v.冲浪
 surf the Internet 上网
 Trace: v. to find the origin of something 追
踪，回溯 e.g.
 The phone company were unable to trace the
call.
 No one has yet been able to trace the source of
the rumor.
 Look over one’s shoulder: keep an
eye on sb secretly 监督某人 e.g.
 When Joel returned, I could look over his
shoulder as he surfed the Net.
Such information can be used to build up a
profile of your interests and habits.
 build up: v. to create or develop something
over a period of time 逐步建立，增强 e.g.
 build up one‘s confidence 建立信心
 build up a new generation 造就一代新人
 Eventually, these books will build up into a fine
library. 最终，这些书集聚成为一间很好的藏书室。
 profile n. a short description of someone’s
life, work, character, etc. 人物简介，概要 e.g.
 My boss asked me to write a profile for the new
tennis champion. 我上司让我给这位新网球冠军写篇
小传。
 The government is trying to keep a low profile
on this issue. 政府力图在这个问题上保持低姿态。
 If you buy things on-line or simply surf the
Internet, it is possible to trace all the
websites that you visit. Someone may be
looking over your shoulder “electronically”.
Such information can be used to build up a
profile of your interests and habits.
 如果你进行在网络上购物或只是简单地在网上漫游，
别人有可能追踪你所访问的所有网站。可能有人
“通过电子手段”监控你。这些信息可能被用于建
立一个关于你的兴趣爱好的资料库。
 One purpose for such a profile is to
provide information to companies
who sell on-line advertising space. If
they know your habits and interests,
they can select particular
advertisements to send to you when
you are on-line. The advertisements
are chosen to match your profile.
One purpose for such a profile is to provide
information to companies who sell on-line
advertising space.
 one purpose for sth. is … 某事的目的之一在于……
 动词不定式做表语：主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea,
happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等
为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主
语起补充说明作用 e.g.
 His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.
 练习题：The most important thing is ______ with
them about the future of the plant.
A) negotiate
B) to negotiate
B
C) negotiating
D) for negotiating
 companies who sell on-line advertising space，定语从
句，先行词在从句中做主语
If they know your habits and interests, they can
select particular advertisements to send to you
when you are on-line.
 Particular: adj. special, or this and
not any other 特定的 e.g.
 She wanted a particular type of car.
 “Why did you ask?” “No particular reason,
just making conversation”
The advertisements are chosen to match
your profile.
 match your profile: 符合你的资料
 match v. 使……相配 e.g
 The curtains don‘t match the paint. 窗帘
和油漆不相配。
 (n.) The hat and shoes are a perfect
match. 这顶帽子和鞋子完全相配。
 One purpose for such a profile is to provide
information to companies who sell on-line
advertising space. If they know your habits
and interests, they can select particular
advertisements to send to you when you
are on-line. The advertisements are chosen
to match your profile.
 此类资料库的一个目的在于为出售在线广告空间的
公司提供信息。如果他们了解你的兴趣爱好，就会
在你在线时选择某些广告发给你，所选择的这些广
告都是符合你的资料库的。
 One potential danger is that the
information could be used by others
to your disadvantage. For example,
an employer could use such
information to decide that you are not
a suitable applicant for a job.
One potential danger is that the
information could be used by others to
your disadvantage.
 One potential danger is that… 表语从
句
 Potential: adj. possible when the
necessary conditions exist 潜在的 e.g.
 A number of potential buyers have
expressed interest in the company.
 Many potential customs are waiting for a
fall in prices before buying.
 to one’s disadvantage: 对某人不利 e.g.
 It would be to your advantage to agree
to his demands.
 比较：to one’s advantage对某人有利
 练习题：
D
Not studying will be to your _______.
A) problem
B) danger
C) harm
D) disadvantage
For example, an employer could use such
information to decide that you are not a suitable
applicant for a job.
 suitable: adj. 合适的
 applicant: n. a person formally
request something, especially a job,
or a place at college or university 申请
人 e.g.
 How many applicants did you have for
this job?
 apply: v. 申请 application n. 申请
 One potential danger is that the information
could be used by others to your
disadvantage. For example, an employer
could use such information to decide that
you are not a suitable applicant for a job.
 这种做法的一个潜在危险是这一信息可能被其他人
利用，并对你不利。例如，雇主能够利用这些信息
决定你是不是适合某个职位的申请人。
Unit 7
 Text B Internet Issues
Comprehension Questions:
Choose the best answer for the
following questions.
1. The main purpose of this passage is
______________________.
A. to persuade the readers to make effective
use of the Internet
B. to remind the readers of problems arising
from the use of the Internet
C. to describe the benefits the Internet has
brought to our life
D. to explain the difficulties of using the
Internet for some people
Para 1: the wide application of the Internet
Para 2: there is a lack of censorship or control over what appears on the
Internet.
Para 3: there are also problems about privacy and control of
communication on the Internet.
2. Which of the following is not about the roles of
the Internet?
A. The Internet can create fears and worries.
B. The Internet can help with scientific research.
C. The Internet can provide the latest
information.
D. The Internet can offer more means of
communication.
P1: Students, teachers, and researchers use it as an investigative
tool. Journalists use it to find information for stories. Doctors use it to
learn more about unfamiliar diseases and the latest medical
developments. Ordinary people use it for shopping, banking, billpaying, and communicating with family and friends. People all over
the world use it to connect with individuals from other countries and
cultures.
3. There is a lack of censorship on the Internet
because ________________.
A. there is no institution interested in controlling
what can appear
B. parents always want to decide by themselves
what is good for their children
C. no software has been developed to block the
inappropriate information
D. the Internet is open to everyone for
producing and receiving information
4. The best understanding of “looking over your
shoulder electronically” in paragraph 2 is
__________________________.
A. keeping an eye on your use of the Internet
B. looking at you with an electronic device
C. leaning on your shoulder to look at someone
else
D. reading what you write on the Internet
P3: If you buy things on-line or simply surf the
Internet, it is possible to trace all the websites that
you visit. Someone may be looking over your
shoulder “electronically”.
5. We can infer from the last paragraph that
__________________.
A. People are interested in the finding out
Internet users’ browsing history out of
curiosity.
B. Those who trace what websites the Internet
users visit are from the advertisement
companies.
C. People collect the Internet users’ information
for commercial purposes.
D. The employers always depend on the profile
of the applicants’ interests and habits to
make a decision.
I. Conversation
 1. — ____________________
— He teaches physics at a school.
A. What does your father want to do?
B. Who is your father?
C. How is your father?
D. What is your father?
 2. — ____________________
— Well, they got there last
Wednesday. So about a week.
A. How long have your parents been in
Paris?
B. When did your parents arrive at Paris?
C. Did your parents arrive at Paris last
Wednesday?
D. When will your parents go to Paris?
3. — Mike injured his leg playing football
yesterday.
— Really? _______________.
A. Who did that?
B. What’s wrong with him?
C. How did that happen?
D. Why was he so careless?
4. — My birthday is tomorrow.
— ___________________.
A. Oh, I have no idea.
B. I’m glad you like it.
C. Many happy returns of the day!
D. You must be very happy.
5 — Are you getting a new flat this year?
— _______________________. I can’t
afford to pay my bills, let alone a new
flat.
A. Without question
B. Are you sure?
C. Good idea!
D. You must be joking
II. Reading Comprehension
 Laptop computers are popular all over
the world. People use them on trains
and airplanes, in airports and hotels.
These laptops connect people to their
workplace. In the United States today,
laptops also connect students to their
class-rooms.
 Westlake College in Virginia will start a
laptop computer program that allows
students to do schoolwork anywhere
they want. Within five years, each of
the 1,500students at the college will
receive a laptop. The laptops are part
of a ＄10million computer program at
Westlake, a 110-year-old college. The
students with laptops will also have
access to the Internet.
 In addition, they will be able to use email to “speak” with their teachers,
their classmates, and their families.
However, the most important part of
the laptop program is that students
will be able to use computers without
going to computer labs. They can work
with it at home in a fast-food
restaurant or under the trees—
practically anywhere!
 Because of the many changes in computer
technology, laptop use in higher education
such as colleges and universities, is
workable. As laptops become more
powerful, they become more similar to
desktop computers. In addition, the
portable computers can connect students to
not only the Internet, but also libraries and
other resources. State higher-education
officials are studying how laptops can help
students. State officials also are testing
laptop programs at other universities, too.
 At Westlake College, more than 60
percent of the staff use computers. The
lap-tops will allow all users to use
computers in their lessons. As one
Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in
the middle of Virginia and we're giving
students a window on the world. They
can see everything and do everything.”
1. The main purpose of the laptop program is
to give each student a laptop to ______.
A. use for their schoolwork
B. access the Internet
C. work at home
D. connect them to libraries
P2: Westlake College in Virginia will start a laptop
computer program that allows students to do
schoolwork anywhere they want.
2. Why is the word “speak” in the second
paragraph in quotation marks？
A. They don't really talk.
B. They use the computer language.
C. Laptops have speakers.
D. None of the above reasons is correct.
P2: In addition, they will be able to use e-mail to
“speak” with their teachers, their classmates, and their
families.
3. Which of the following is true about
Westlake College？
A. All teachers use computers.
B. 1,500students have laptops.
C. It is an old college in America.
D. Students there can do anything.
P4: At Westlake College, more than 60 percent of the staff use computers.
P2: Within five years, each of the 1,500students at the college will receive a
laptop.
P2: The laptops are part of a ＄10million computer program at Westlake, a
110-year-old college.
4. A window on the world in the last paragraph
means that students can ______.
A. attend lectures on information technology
B. travel around the world
C. get information from around the world
D. have free laptops
P4: As one Westlake teacher said, “Here we are in the
middle of Virginia and we're giving students a window
on the world.
5. What can we infer from the passage？
A. The program is successful.
B. The program is not workable.
C. The program is too expensive.
D. We don't know the result yet.
III. Vocabulary and Structure
 There are 10 incomplete sentences
here. You are required to complete
each statement by choosing the
appropriate answer from the 4
choices marked A, B, C, and D.
1. Stocks are regarded as a good longterm ______________.
A. involvement B. installment
C. investment D. instrument
2. Many _____ shops will be forced to
close if the new supermarket is built.
A. local
B. broad
C. general D. public
3. Helen was unconscious and _____ up
to a life support machine.
A. combined
B. associated
C. related
D. hooked
4. I only found out about it _________
my sister.
A. on
B. via
C. up
D. to
5. There's a lot of public _________
about dangerous toxins recently found
in food.
A. concern
B. concept
C. conduct
D. conflict
6. It took her
publishing
A. hold up
C. build up
ten years to ________ her
business.
B. keep up
D. make up
7. Students should be encouraged to use
___ Internet as ____ resource.
A. /; a
B. /; the
C. the; the D. the; a
8. _______ I fully understand your point
of view, I also have sympathies with
Michael’s.
A. When
B. Where
C. While
D. Whenever
9. One potential danger is _____ the
information could be used by others to
your disadvantage.
A. that B. what C. it D. which
10. We all thought ________ pity that
you were unable to attend our meeting.
A. that B. which C. this
D. it
 IV. Cloze
 Each blank in the following passage is
provided with four choices. Read the
passage and choose the best answer
for each blank.
 The Internet continues to develop as
a free world for the exchange of ideas.
Freedom of information is embraced
by netizens （网民）__1__.
Nevertheless, the virtual world is
__2__ perfect and should not be free
from controls. As the Internet
becomes __3__ part of social and
economic life, its users need to
recognize the dark side of cyberspace.
 The call is growing for self-restraint
on websites. But __4__ self-restraint
is insufficient, government must take
__5__. The Ministry of Public Security
will be sending virtual police to
China's __6__ websites. By the end
of June all major online forums will be
monitored. __7__ is an important
step, especially to protect minors
from sexually explicit websites.

To do these laws will be a major challenge since a
safe Internet society involves both the creation of
websites and their use. In the information age, it is
extremely difficult for an individual nation to control
online message, which, __8__ a large extent, is
internationalized. Law enforcement agencies from
around the world have worked together - the Virtual
Global Task Force — to __9__ down online purveyors
of child pornography.
Much more work must be done to make cyberspace
a safe place for its users, __10__ children.
 The Internet continues to develop as a free
world for the exchange of ideas. Freedom of
information is embraced by netizens （网民）
__1__. Nevertheless, the virtual world is
__2__ perfect and should not be free from
controls. As the Internet becomes __3__ part
of social and economic life, its users need to
recognize the dark side of cyberspace.
1.
2.
3.
A. everywhere
A. apart from
A. increase
B. anywhere
B. far from
B. to increase
C. somewhere
C. other than
C. increasing
D. nowhere
D. more than
D. increasingly
 The call is growing for self-restraint on
websites. But __4__ self-restraint is
insufficient, government must take __5__.
The Ministry of Public Security will be sending
virtual police to China's __6__ websites. By
the end of June all major online forums will
be monitored. __7__ is an important step,
especially to protect minors from sexually
explicit websites.
4.
5.
6.
7.
A. that
B. despite
A. behavior B. action
A. big
B. great
A. What
B. That
C. if
C. conduct
C. major
C. It
D. although
D. manner
D. primary
D. As

To do these laws will be a major challenge since a safe
Internet society involves both the creation of websites
and their use. In the information age, it is extremely
difficult for an individual nation to control online message,
which, __8__ a large extent, is internationalized. Law
enforcement agencies from around the world have
worked together - the Virtual Global Task Force — to
__9__ down online purveyors of child pornography.
Much more work must be done to make cyberspace a
safe place for its users, __10__ children.
8. A. to
9. A. trace
10. A. special
B. in
B. trend
B. specially
C. on
C. track
C. especial
D. at
D. treat
D. especially
V. Translation：Put the following
sentences into Chinese.
1. However, while there are many
positive developments associated
with the Internet, there are also
certain fears and concerns.
但是，虽然有许多积极的发展与因特网有关，
也有一些恐惧和担心。
2. One concern relates to a lack of
censorship or control over what
appears on the Internet.
一个担忧是关于网络上出现的内容缺少审
查或控制。
3. While software can be used to block
access to certain websites, such as
those displaying pornography, this
can never be completely effective.
虽然能够利用软件阻隔进入某些网站，比如一
些色情网站，但是这并不是完全有效的。
4. If you buy things on-line or simply surf
the Internet, it is possible to trace all
the websites that you visit.
如果你进行在网络上购物或只是简单地在网上漫
游，别人有可能追踪你所访问的所有网站。
5. One potential danger is that the
information could be used by others
to your disadvantage.
这种做法的一个潜在危险是这一信息可能被
其他人利用，并对你不利。
VI. Writing
 You are required to write a
composition on the topic “My View on
the Use of the Internet” with no less
than 80 words based on the outline
given below.
 因特网的使用日益普及；
 网络为我们带来许多好处；
 网络的使用也存在一些问题。
Sample
 The Internet is widely used in various
aspects of everyday life, ranging from
work, financial activities to
entertainment.
 The Internet is a wonderful source of
information. Moreover, it facilitates
communication and makes it easy for
people to keep in touch.
 However, evidence indicates that the
Internet can be a harmful influence on
people. For example, some children and
youngsters are addicted to the Internet,
at the expense of other healthier
activities.
 The Internet is like a coin that has two
sides. We must realize its harmful
potentials while making use of it to
achieve a better and more meaningful
life.
Additional information
 History of science and technology in
China
 The history of science and
technology in China is both long
and rich with many contributions to
science and technology. In antiquity,
independently of Greek philosophers
and other civilizations, ancient
Chinese philosophers made significant
advances in science, technology,
mathematics, and astronomy.
 Among the earliest inventions were the
abacus, the "shadow clock," and the first
flying machines such as kites and
Kongming lanterns.
 The four Great Inventions of ancient China:
the compass, gunpowder, papermaking,
and printing, were among the most
important technological advances, only
known in Europe by the end of the Middle
Ages.
 These four discoveries had an
enormous impact on the development
of Chinese civilization and a farranging global impact. Gunpowder,
for example, spread to the Arabs in
the 13th century and thence to
Europe.
 The Tang Dynasty (AD 618 - 906) in
particular, was a time of great
innovation. A good deal of exchange
occurred between Western and
Chinese discoveries up to the Qing
Dynasty.
 One question that has been the
subject of debate among historians
has been why China did not develop a
scientific revolution and why Chinese
technology fell behind that of Europe.
Many hypotheses have been
proposed ranging from the cultural to
the political and economic.
 Most scholars agreed that cultural
factors prevented these Chinese
achievements from developing into
what could be called "science".
 It was the religious and philosophical
framework of the Chinese
intellectuals which made them unable
to believe in the ideas of laws of
nature
 As the People's Republic of China
becomes better connected to the
global economy, the government has
placed more emphasis on science and
technology. This has led to increases
in funding, improved scientific
structure, and more money for
research. These factors have led to
advancements in agriculture,
medicine, genetics, and global change.