Transcript Wings_StephanieH

Stephanie Hodges
2005
Principles
 Planes
can’t fly without wings
 Bernoulli discovered that to fly, lift
must overcome weight and thrust must
overcome drag
Concepts of Bernoulli's Principle
 The
Wing is curved so the air must go
faster over the top to meet with the air
that goes over the bottom at the back
wing, this creates low pressure.
Bernoulli’s Principles Continued
 Objects
move
towards the low
pressure
 The wing then
moves up
creating Lift
because the wind
speeds over the
top of the wing
faster
Drag, Thrust, and Weight
 Drag
is created
by air friction
 Weight is the
mass of the
airplane
 Thrust is
created by the
engine(s) of the
airplane
Drag, Thrust and, Weight
Continued
 Thrust
and
Drag are
opposites so
to achieve lift,
the thrust must
be greater than
the drag.
Wing Structure
 Most
wings are made of metals to make
it strong.
 Most have support of a system of spars
and Ribs. The wing is not solid
because it would be too heavy.
Wings-Design
 Wings
are
designed
differently for
each purpose,
depending on
the speed a
plane designer
wants a certain
wing is chosen.
Wing-Designs Cont.
The Types are Straight, Swept Back,
Swept Forward, and Delta
Delta and Swept wings are used for
Fighter Jets
Commercial Airlines use Straight Wings
Wings-Airfoils
 There
are many
types of Airfoils.
 Airfoils are the
shape of the wing.
 These are (in order
of Picture):
 Low Camber
 Deep Camber 1 and
2
Stall Characteristics
What Keeps an
Airplane
 Things like Planform,
Angle Of Incident, and from stalling?
Washout are designed
to keep the airplane
from stalling
 Planform is a number
system that decides the
stall characteristics
Stall Characteristics Cont.
 Planform
is a number system that
decides the stall characteristics
 For instance a number 7 airplane is
different from a number 2 plane.
Stall Characteristics Continued
 Angle
of Incident is the angle of which
the wing is stuck to the main body
 Washout is where the wing is twisted
so the Angle of Incident is different at
each end
Stall Characteristics Cont.
 So
as you can
see, the plane
does not stall
so easily
because the
slow speeds
and the
turbulence is
handled.
Wing Additions
 Wings
have been
added to over
the Years
 Many things
such as Flaps,
Slots and Slats,
Speed Brakes,
and Wing
Fences have
been added
Wing Fences
Speed Brakes
 Speed
Brake slow down the plane
at high speeds
 It helps to decrease the angle of
attack during landing
Slats and Slots
A
Slat is a
mechanism in
the wing that
during flight the
air goes into the
wing to prevent
turbulence, the
slot is a hole
that does the
same thing
Flaps
 Flaps
can help
increase or
decrease the angle
of attack in lift-off or
landing
 The Flaps are
connected to the
trailing edge of the
wing
About Me
 Hi
my name is Stephanie Hodges. I am
13 and I live in Winston Salem. My
favorite animal is the Puffin, followed
by Cats.
Bibliography
 Principles
of Physics. April 30, 2005
<Http://www.allstar.fiu.edu
 “Airplanes”. World Book. 1998 ed.
 Beyond the Limits. April 29, 2005
<nasm.si.edu/exhibitions/gal213/images/X
29_1.jpg>
 Craig, Gale M. Stop Abusing Bernoulli
Learn How Wings Really Work. 19 May.
2005
<http://www.geocities.com/galemcraig/>.