Transcript Document

Which of the following is an important
characteristic of capillaries?
a. Blood flows through them quickly and
exchange occurs slowly.
b. Blood flows through them slowly and
exchange occurs quickly.
c. They expand and recoil with elastic
rebound.
d. None of the above is correct.
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Georgia stands all day at her job. From what
condition may she begin to suffer?
a. an aneurysm
b. varicose veins
c. atherosclerosis
d. high blood pressure
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Why does blood pressure increase during
exercise?
a. because heart rate increases
b. because vascular resistance increases
c. because stroke volume increases
d. all of the above
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While standing in the hot sun, Sally begins to
feel light-headed and faints. Why?
a. Blood has pooled in her lower limbs.
b. Cardiac output has decreased, sending
less blood to the brain.
c. Sweating has reduced blood volume.
d. All of the above have occurred.
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Trace blood from the aortic arch to the right
thumb.
a = artery and v = vein | R = right and L = left
a. R. subclavian a.  R. axillary a.  R.
brachial a.  R. ulnar a.  palmar arches
b. R. radial v.  R. brachial v.  R. axillary v.
 R. subclavian v.  brachiocephalic v.
c. brachiocephalic a.  R. subclavian a.  R.
axillary a.  R. brachial a.  R. radial a. 
palmar arches
d. none of the above
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Why is blood pressure higher in the aorta
than in the inferior vena cava?
a. The diameter of the aorta is smaller and
velocity of blood flow is also greater.
b. The cross-sectional area of both is the
same, but velocity is higher in the inferior
vena cava.
c. Arterial branching is less than that of
arteries.
d. The aorta is shorter than the inferior vena
cava.
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Why does most filtration take place at the
arterial end of a capillary?
a. CHP is higher at the arterial end.
b. Fenestrations are larger in diameter.
c. There are more solutes to be filtered
there.
d. Blood colloidal osmotic pressure is
greater there.
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How is mean arterial pressure (MAP)
determined?
a. It is the difference between systolic and
diastolic pressure.
b. It is diastolic pressure + (pulse pressure
divided by 3).
c. It is systolic pressure + pulse pressure.
d. None of the above are correct.
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What event is happening if net filtration
pressure (NFP) is negative?
a. Fluid is moving out of a capillary.
b. The volume of interstitial fluid is
increasing.
c. Reabsorption is occurring in a capillary.
d. The person may be hemorrhaging.
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Which statement below is NOT true with
regard to atherosclerosis?
a. It is more common in males and
postmenopausal women.
b. It is associated with a bacterium that
causes respiratory infections, Chlamydia
pneumoniae.
c. It can be caused by both calcium and
lipid deposition on the blood vessel walls.
d. The presence of foam cells on the blood
vessel wall prevent the plaque from
sticking.
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Although it is true that arteries carry ___, it is
NOT always true that they carry _____
blood.
a. blood away from the heart; O2 rich
b. blood away from the heart; O2 poor
c. blood to the heart; O2 poor
d. blood to the heart; O2 rich
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Why are valves located in veins, but not in
arteries?
a. because venous blood pressure is lower
b. because valves prevent backflow of blood
c. because venous walls are more muscular
d. both A and B
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The hepatic portal system delivers _____.
a. nutrients to the liver
b. wastes to the kidneys
c. oxygenated blood to the abdominal organs
d. hormones and enzymes to the pancreas
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In fetal circulation, what is the role of the
ductus venosus?
a. connects aorta and pulmonary trunk, thus
bypassing pulmonary circulation
b. brings oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
c. collects blood from veins of the liver and
empties into the inferior vena cava
d. carries away metabolic wastes and carbon
dioxide
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Fenestrated capillaries are important
________ because ________.
a. in filtration areas of the kidneys; they allow
rapid exchanges of water and solutes
between plasma and interstitial fluid
b. in the blood–brain barrier; they have
restricted permeability
c. at the median eminence of the
hypothalamus; they allow diffusion of
regulatory hormones
d. both A and C
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A thrombus in the femoral artery prevents
blood flow from the ______ to the ______.
a. external iliac artery; popliteal artery
b. external iliac artery; great saphenous
c. internal iliac artery; anterior tibial artery
and dorsal venous arch
d. internal iliac artery; fibular and tibial
arteries
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Grace is in an automobile accident, and her
celiac trunk is ruptured. Which organs are
directly affected by this injury?
a. kidneys, adrenal glands
b. stomach, spleen, liver, pancreas
c. gonads, abdominal wall, diaphragm
d. diaphragm, esophagus, liver
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Mr. Petit has been prescribed an ACE
inhibitor. What effect will this have on his
body?
a. It will inhibit the conversion of
angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1.
b. It will stimulate an increase of cardiac
output and vasoconstriction.
c. It will stimulate the cascade of events
following release of EPO.
d. It will inhibit the conversion of angiotensin
1 to angiotensin 2.
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A patient in the ER has lost 1.5 liters of blood.
Which of the following help restore venous
return and improve cardiac output?
a. secretion of E, NE, and constriction of
arterioles
b. secretion of ADH and aldosterone
c. mobilization of venous reserves and recall
of interstitial fluids
d. all of the above
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Gordon has suffered a stroke in his basilar
artery. Which regions of his brain suffered
damage?
a. medulla, pons, and cerebellum
b. frontal lobes and anterior parietal lobes
c. posterior parietal and occipital lobes
d. none of the above because of alternate
circulatory routes through the cerebral
arterial circle
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Which of the following is a unique
characteristic of arteries, when compared to
veins?
a. Arteries contain tunica intima, tunica
media, and tunica externa.
b. Arteries have a thinner tunica media.
c. Arteries contain an internal elastic
membrane in their tunica intima.
d. Arteries collapse when blood is not
flowing through them.
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The heart and arteries of the systemic and
pulmonary circuits contain ___% of blood
volume while the venous system contains
___%. This is because ________.
a. 50; 50; blood must be evenly distributed
b. 65; 35; of high capacitation of arteries
c. 35; 65; of low capacitation of veins
d. All of the above may be correct,
depending on whether the individual is
sedentary or exercising.
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Blood in the left internal iliac artery could
travel to all of the following destinations,
EXCEPT _____.
a. pelvic muscles
b. reproductive organs
c. gluteal muscles
d. quadriceps muscles
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Which of the following is an example of a local
vasoconstrictor?
a. nitric oxide
b. prostaglandins
c. elevated temperature
d. lactic acid
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If blood pressure rises above normal and
baroreceptors in the carotid sinus are unresponsive,
which of the following conditions will occur?
a. vasomotor centers inhibited / cardioinhibitory
centers stimulated / decrease in cardiac output
b. vasomotor and cardioacceleratory centers
remain stimulated / decreased blood flow to
the brain
c. decrease in cardiac output / peripheral
vasodilation
d. vasomotor centers stimulated /
increased blood flow to the brain
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ADH, angiotensin II, EPO, and ANP are all
involved in long-term regulation of blood
volume. Which two are also important in
regulating blood pressure?
a. ANP and ADH
b. ANP and EPO
c. EPO and ADH
d. ADH and angiotensin II
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