Transcript GREECE
The Geography of Greece
Bronze Age Greece
Crete: Minoan Civilization (Palace at Knossos )
Knossos : Minoan Civilization
Minoan Civilization
The Mycenaean Civilization
The Dorians
THE DARK AGES
Homer : The
“
Heroic Age
”
ATHENS
Piraeus: Athens
’
Port City
Early Athenian Lawgivers
$ Draco
“
Draconian law
”
$ Solon Outlawed slavery, elite held office but all could participate in assembly $ Cleisthenes Lottery for Council of 500-expanded groups that could hold office
SPARTA
SPARTA
Helots
Messenians enslaved by the Spartans.
SPARTA
Athens vs. Sparta Athens • • • • • Government Ideals Education Women Social Distinctions Sparta • • • • • Government Ideals Education Women Social Distinctions
Persian Wars: 499 BCE
–
480 BCE
Persian Wars:
Famous Battles $ Marathon (490 BCE)
26 miles from Athens
$ Thermopylae (480 BCE)
300 Spartans at the Mountain pass
$ Salamis (480 BCE)
Athenian navy victorious
Golden
“
Age of Pericles
”
:
460 BCE
–
429 BCE
Pericles
’
Funeral Oration Questions from reading • 1 The year that Pericles gives his classic funeral speech is 431-430 B.C. What is going on at this time in Athens that would have motivate him to give this type of speech?
• 2 What do you think is the purpose of the speech?
• 3 What does Pericles mean when he says: "For the settlement of private disputes all are on an equal footing...what matters is not rotation but merit.
• • • • 4 What does Pericles mean when he says: "We are lovers of beauty without extravagance, and of wisdom without softness." 5 What does Pericles say about the value of wealth and the stigma of poverty?
6 What do you feel is the purpose of the last paragraph?
7 How is the speech structured? What does this structure have to do with the message?
Peloponnesian Wars
Macedonia Under Philip II
Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great
’
s Empire
Alexander the Great in Persia
The Hellenization of Asia
Pergamum: A Hellenistic City
The Economy of the Hellenistic World
The Breakup of Alexander
’
s Empire
Greek Art, Architecture and Sculpture • Pericles ’ goal: to make Athens magnificent therefore he spent most of the money from the Delian League and used it to beautify Athens.
The Classical Greek
“
Ideal
”
The Parthenon
Phidias
’
Acropolis
The Acropolis Today
The
Agora
The Ancient Olympics: Athletes & Trainers
Olympia: Temple to Hera
Athens: The Arts & Sciences
$ DRAMA (tragedians):
Aeschylus Sophocles Euripides
$ $ • • • THE SCIENCES:
Pythagoras Democritus
all matter made up of small atoms.
Hippocrates
“Father of Medicine”
HISTORY Homer
–
NOT HISTORY Herodotus
–
first historian Thucydides
–
greatest historian
Great Athenian Philosophers
$ Socrates
Know thyself!
question everything only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness.
$ Plato
The Academy The world of the FORMS
The Republic
philosopher-king
Great Athenian Philosophers
$ Aristotle
The Lyceum “ Golden Mean ” [everything in moderation].
Logic.
Scientific method.
Hellenistic Government
$ Direct Democracy $ Written Code of Laws $ Citizens have rights $ Citizenship expands
Hellenistic Science, Math and Technology
Aristarchus
theory.
heliocentric Euclid
geometry Archimedes
pulley
Hellenistic Culture
$ Greek language $ Mythology $ Olympic Games $ Philosophy
–
Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and
…
$
Hellenistic Philosophers
Cynics Diogenes
ignore social conventions & avoid luxuries.
citizens of the world.
live a humble, simple life.
$ Epicurians Epicurus
avoid pain & seek pleasure.
all excess leads to pain!
politics should be avoided.
Hellenistic Philosophers
$ Stoics Zeno
nature is the expansion of divine will.
concept of natural law.
get involved in politics, not for personal gain, but to perform virtuous acts for the good of all.
true happiness is found in great achievements.
Hellenistic Art
More realistic; less ideal than Hellenic art.
Showed individual emotions, wrinkles, and age!
Sculpture – Greek physique Classical Architecture Drama and Poetry