Transcript EVALUATION REPORT FOR END TERM REVIEW OF THE

EVALUATION REPORT FOR
END TERM REVIEW OF THE UCHAGUZI BORA
INITIATIVE
:
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Introduction
End term review
•
Aim
 Give feedback on effectiveness of project
implementation.
 Extent to which the initiative has achieved its objectives.
•
Objective
 Determine impact of the UBI in contributing to a
participatory, peaceful, free and fair general election in March
2013.
•
Scope
 All 47 counties
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Background
• Uraia Trust
– Successor to NCEP
– Aim provide technical and financial support to CSOs
• Uchaguzi Bora Initiative
– 18 month program to build a critical mass of citizens
working for participatory, peaceful, free and fair
general election
– Use promise, opportunities, values, and ethos
envisaged by Kenya’s Constitution as basis and
framework for ensuring the credibility of 2013
elections
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Objective of UBI
a) Assess the extent to which the Initiative achieved its
objectives in relation to:
i. Providing effective quality civic and voter education to Kenyan
citizens.
ii. Facilitating citizen engagement in the electoral, political and
governance process.
iii. Facilitating institutional and democratic transformation internally,
and with other actors.
iv. Responding to emerging trends in the operating environment.
b) To assess the relevance, effectiveness and efficiency of
strategies and approaches used in:
i. Providing effective quality civic and voter education, and
ii. Facilitating civic engagements.
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Objective of UBI –Cont.
c). Assess overall impact of the UBI on the target groups,
especially in relation to:i.
Increased knowledge and understanding of the constitution
and electoral issues.
ii. Fostering and expanding citizen participation in the political
and governance process.
iii. Fostering peaceful coexistence of communities and
nationhood.
iv. Vetting of leaders based on leadership and integrity criteria.
v. Strengthening and supporting CSOs to respond to emerging
electoral related issues at county and national level.
vi. Entrenching constitutionalism in the electioneering process.
vii. Increasing transparency and accountability in the electoral
process
viii. Enhancing credibility in the judicial system to achieve
participatory, peaceful, free and fair elections.
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End term evaluation
• Methodology- qualitative and quantitative
 desk review of key documents;
 semi structured key informant interviews
 focus group discussions (FGDs) with target
groups;
 structured questionnaire conducted face-tofaces
• 95% confidence level
• sample size of 5021 citizens
• margin of error (confidence interval) of 1.4%.
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Evaluation Methodology
Three Tier Approach
LITERATURE REVIEW
QUALITATIVE
Focus group
discussions
(FGDs)
Adult Kenyans
33 FGDs
Secondary data
Internal
information
External sources
In-depth
interviews (IDIs)
IPs
Minority groups
Donors
State actors
Non- state
actors
34 IDIs
•
•
•
sample size of
5021 citizens
95% confidence
level
margin of error
QUANTITATIVE
Face to face
interviews
Proportionate to
population
sampling
Cluster sampling
to insure
inclusion of
PWDs, minority
groups and
marginalized
communities
Sample: 5021 with
adult Kenyans 7
Programmatic issues
 UBi worked with Implementing
Partners (IPs) to deliver civic and
voter education at the counties
level
 The support UBI provided to IPs
was training, education materials
and funding
 Regional coordinators were put
in place to ensure smooth
operation of the project
 Funding was released late by
some donors and this affected
early disbursement to IPs
Coordination of UBI
Donors
State
Actors
Consortia
Uraia
through
UBI
Non-state
Actors
Implementing
Partners
Citizens/Raia
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Scope
Sample Analyzed by Age Group
Gender, PWDs and Marginalized Groups
Demographic distribution: 66% youth (18 to 35 years) 6% over 55
With ID 94% of total sample 96% of the 25-35 and 46-55 age groups
No ID 43% urban and rural 39% applied and awaiting
No ID 22% had recently lost it
No ID 26% rural and 16% urban just attained age of 18
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EXTENT TO WHICH THE UBI
ACHIEVED ITS OBJECTIVES
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Providing Effective and Quality Civic
and Voter Education to Kenyans
Awareness by areas
Civic education/information received in 2012 & 2013
Voting procedures (how to mark ballot
papers)
72% 14.4
million
Voting procedures (elective positions)
56%
Voter registration
54%
11.2 Million
10.8 million
39%
Constitution
Peaceful coexistence (cohesion and
nationhood)
32%
Devolution
30%
Good governance
25%
Leadership and Integrity
24%
Role of elective positions in the New
Constitution
19%
0%
20%
73%
• Rural
71%
Highest Awareness
• Elgeyo Marakwet 92%
• Narok
89%
• Mandera
87%
• Kisumu
87%
• Kisii
87%
Lowest Awareness
21%
Vetting of aspirants
• Urban
3.8 million
40%
60%
80%
• Makueni
38%
• Samburu
43%
• Kwale
44%
• Taita Taveta
48%
100%
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Providing Effective and Quality Civic and
Voter Education to Kenyans
Source of Information on Civic and Voter Education, n=3608
Television
58%
Radio
57%
IEBC voter education materials
22%
Individual / civic educator
22%
Newspapers / magazines
16%
Posters
16%
Organization / NGOs / CSOs / FBOs
4%
County/public forum
4%
Constitution booklet
3%
Handbook
2%
Folk media
1%
During football match
1%
Internet
1%
0%
20%
4,400,000 adult Kenyans
40%
60%
80%
100%
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Facilitating Citizen Engagement in
the Electoral, Political and
Governance Process
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Vetting of Leaders for Leadership and Integrity
Factors guiding choice of leader: integrity, the political party and political manifesto.
Factors not considered important in choice: past record, religion, education and whether the person is
transparent in leadership style.
Those that ought to be barred from contesting: convicted in a court of law and those not declaring
their wealth
“Because we have seen some of the leaders being taken to court in terms of accountability
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of they misused CDF money”
Tharaka Nithii youth
Vetting of Leaders for Leadership and Integrity – practice
20% reported that they had participated in vetting of leaders by attending public debates,
calling in during a talk show and/or carried out their own research on the candidate.
Ways of participating and reasons for not participating in vetting of leaders
60%
57%
50%
44%
Percent
40%
33%
30%
20%
22%
19%
10%
20%
5%
3%
0%
I attended a I carried out I called in
public debate my research during a talk
on the
show where
candidate the candidate
was hosted
Yes
Other
I did not have
It is not
I did not
the time
important to know ways in
me
which to vet
the leaders
Other
No
A knowledge gap exists on ‘ways in which to vet leaders’ and Uraia
should address this gap as it will improve the civic engagement
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Facilitating Institutional and
Democratic Transformation
Internally and with Other Actors
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Strengthening and Supporting CSOs
Internally: Recruitment and training of project staff
Five senior staff and two implementing staff
Implementing Partners
•
Pre-award workshops were held for 47 organizations
•
Trainer of trainers workshop
•
Production of IEC materials (posters and pamphlets)
KIE

Supported development of primary and secondary
school civic education curriculum.

Trained 400 curriculum developers

Provided technical support to review the civic education
materials developed.
Ahadi Kenya
•
Vet aspirants within the Nairobi county with focus on
Women Leadership
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Strengthening and Supporting CSOs – Cont.
K-NICE
• Participated In The Evaluation Of Proposals And Identification Of Nonstate Actors To Participate In K-nice's Second Round Of Implementation
From The Second Call.
Legislative Agenda
• Through its support and participation in the development of bills for
assent in the legislature.
• Reviewing the right to petition parliament bill convened by the cic.
• Participated in the cic workshop to interrogate modalities of citizen
participation
Cultural Workers and Artists
• Development of media content and messages.
• Training of cultural workers on the provisions of the constitution
• Implementing partners
Media
• Dissemination activities with nation media group's both Q TV and Q FM
• Weekly radio and TV programme on kamusi ya changamka a
• Fact sheets/infomercials
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Responding to Emerging Trends in
the Operating Environment
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Responding to Emerging Trends
• Civic education emphasized the need to address any grievances arising from
the electioneering process in the court of law as opposed to taking to the
streets
• Capability of civil society and IPs enhances to forecast, pre-empt, and/or
manage the kind of crisis.
• UBI had not anticipated that the hate speech will shift from verbal and
telephone communication to the social media.
• However, once this shift was identified, efforts were put to ensure the hate
speech through social media was minimized and did not go viral.
“We benefited from RRI at two levels one we had the incident in Mathare where we
had some violence towards the end of last year and beginning of this year. So I
remember the organization that was working in Mathare and works in informal
settlements and another organization in Kenya slums also came to us and wanted
to do some violence preventive and peace building work, in relation to elections so
we referred to Uraia we got some funding and we were able to do some
assessment of the situation; what had happened, who is there, who is doing what
and then to design some community dialogue which we did before and after
elections and I think we were quite satisfied with the efforts which led to very
minimal violence in Mathare.”
KII consortia
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To assess the relevance,
effectiveness and efficiency
of the strategies and
approaches used
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Perceived Quality of Civic Education
Quality of information impacted by the source of information
Constitution
3.5
Cohesion and nationhood
3.9
Leadership and integrity
3.6
Voter registration
3.9
Good governance
3.6
Devolution
3.4
Elective positions
3.5
Vetting of aspirants
3.5
Voting procedures (elective positions)
3.9
Voting procedures ( how to mark ballot papers)
3.9
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
Mean (Scale of 1-5)
0=Very Poor Quality
5=Very high quality
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77% optimistic that the IEBC is capable of managing free and fair elections
• Why don’t you consider them peaceful?
•Didn’t understand voting process, experienced violence, election related tension (40%, 33% and 20%)
• Why don’t you consider them participatory?
•some citizens did not vote, some names were missing in voter register, some views and opinions of
Kenyans were not taken into consideration (53%, 23% and 11% ).
• Why don’t you consider them free and fair?
•election problems, voter tallying marred by a lot of rigging, results contested in courts eg supreme court,
there were complaints from citizens and various aspirants (33 %, 22%, 15% and 13% respectively)
• What challenges were faced?
• Important: low literacy levels (53%), ethnic differences (42%), rigging (36%), voter buying (34%),
corruption in government (33%), and interference with the electoral body (32%),
• Not Important: religious differences (54%), election violence (42%), voter intimidation (33%) and lack
of transparence in vote tallying (31%)
“According to me 2013 elections were free and fair because no one was denied to vote despite the
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challenges that faced IEBC and that is why you find that the tallying process had no problem ” Mwingi
Peaceful elections
Status of Forgiveness of 2007 PEV
I have totally forgiven them
and we can live together
47%
Have not fully forgiven them
but we can work together
6%
Can only forgive under
certain conditions
5%
Can never forgive them
4%
0%
20% 40% 60% 80% 100
%
“There were no incidences of violence”- Garsen women
“Tension is still there. People have just kept quiet. It will erupt one day” Eldoret women
What would cause a repeat of violence?
Tribalism/ethnicity, discrimination (35%) hate speech/incitement (23%) unfair
elections/rigging /poor tallying (19%)
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Whose role is it to ensure
peace? Belief
Whose role is it to ensure peace?
Practice
Disconnect between belief and actual practice in ensuring peaceful elections
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Credibility of various courts of the judiciary increased
with their seniority.
Most credible: Supreme Court 22% magistrates’ court
at 8%.
Least credible:S upreme Court 12%.
Extreme perception of supreme court.
“Sometime ago if you were taking someone
with money to the court then that case goes
nowhere but right now, we can see the changes
in our judicial system, the cases are handled
quickly”- Kisauni youth
“To me I will say it was credible. They really did
their best on the presidential elections, it read
the mood of the country and maintained peace
despite the challenges it faced”
Mwingi men
“Most of them are easily corrupted”- Lagdera
women “Some judges’ still take bribes”- Moyale
women
“The constitution states that if we have election
disagreements then we go to the courts and the
verdict of the Supreme Court is final, so it
provided a platform” Makadara youth
“To me I will say it was credible. They
(judiciary) really did their best on the
presidential elections, it read the mood of the
country and maintained peace despite the
challenges it faced”
Mwingi men
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•
•
•
High recall: cohesion and national reconciliation “one nation/unity”
Low recall: messages targeting ethnicity, fighting and forgiveness
“I think in all those media they told Kenyans that we have to vote peacefully voting is not the one to
break us, I think every information that was going down there was keep peace, vote peace, maintain
peace. They were also talking about tolerance especially because we were talking about Kenya being
a diverse country, talking about tolerating each other during that time, you might be having different
views politically but we should tolerate each other”
- Nyeri youth
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•
responsibility of ensuring free and fair elections believed
• Mostly to belong to the IEBC, and the voter (69 and 60%).
• Least to civil society and international community (8 and 5%}
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The Constitution
Self rating of their knowledge and source
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The Constitution
•
•
Majority (44%) self rated level of knowledge “average” , good, very good (22% and 10%)
Sources of knowledge were mostly from media, materials and friends
“Yes I have because I read the constitution and I keep on reading it so I have information to defend it.” Turkana men
“We understand a little bit. We were given the books but we have not gone through them thoroughly”
“We have not been told about constitution”- Bomet women
“Not enough because the constitution was made in Nairobi and they have never come to the grassroots to create awareness to
us and we even don’t have the booklets and we were also not taught about it” Laisamis youth
“No I know very little about the constitution, I don’t think I can defend it” KII Minority group
•
•
•
Poor knowledge of constitutional provisions regarding electioneering
Governor position most known
Specific message most recalled is on gender equality
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Constitutional Commissions
•
Devolution
A significant proportion had not heard of or had no idea of the roles of the NCIC or
TJRC (45 and 38% respectively).
Devolution was mainly associated with decentralization of power and sharing
national resources
High expectations of devolved government with almost half of the respondents
(45%) recalling specific messages
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In regard to implementing the constitution, are we headed in
the right direction?
• Yes (44%)
– devolved government being in place (21%), I
– implementation of the constitution by the president/positive
administration (17%),
– equal opportunities, accessible services and development (16%)
– sustained peace (13%).
• no (22% )
– high cost of consumer goods ( 21%),
– lack of unity among leaders ( 16%),
– lack of implementing the constitution (16%), insecurity ( 15%)
– nothing so far had been done ( 14%).
• don’t know (34%)
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Fostering and Expanding Citizen
Participation in the political and
Governance Process
•
County Citizen Participatory Forums for vetting of leaders in Siaya, Lamu, Taita
Taveta, Kilifi, Makueni.
– eg Siaya County, some disqualified, direct nominees rejected
•
•
•
•
•
Establishment of conflict response and monitoring units
Increased participation of the youth in electoral and political/governance processes.
90% of youth voted
mock elections conducted just prior to the actual elections
public interest litigations
– case against MPs refusal to pay taxes,
– Leadership and Integrity case against current president and the deputy president
– presidential petition to the Supreme Court.
“The level of engagement went down compared to the previous election. This is because people lost
faith with the electoral body and fear of what happened in 2007 and the youths were being
discriminated politically” Kisumu women
“Most of the youths did not participate in 2013 compared to 2007 general elections because of lack of
IDs and intimidation by the government” Kakamega men
“For pastoralists it ( engagement) went up because the IEBC had the mobile registration and
voting units” Moyale men
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Women leadership
•
•
•
Gender provision in the constitution recalled by most
75.8% agree that the socio cultural values have played a significant role in stifling the
woman’s leadership ambition
patriarchal society that is not ready for a woman president; only 38% of Kenyans said
they can vote in a woman president.
“We got information on how to defend and protect your rights, gender
balance like a third of women should be included on elective posts” Garrisa Men
“There are NGO’s that help women by giving them capacity building by
encouraging them to participate in elections. The NGO’s like World Vision,
SIFA and Red Cross helping groups that have gender balance” Moyale men
•
•
•
The program was successful in communicating constitutional provisions regarding
women
There seemed to be hindrance of influencing traditional perceptions and attitudes to
allow women leadership to emerge
barriers of translating knowledge to perceptions and attitudes and finally to practice in
respect to women leadership
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Outcomes (write conclusions)
• Increase in number of people embracing the new culture within the
new Constitution
• Empowerment of citizens in exercising their rights and
responsibilities in the electoral process and increased engagement
• Increased Participation of citizen’s in the electoral process
• Increased transparency and accountability in the electoral process.
• Increased inter ethnic tolerance among different communities
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Impact
Co-Existence of Communities and Nationhood
Had impact
• “People came together and realized the importance of peaceful voting and
staying together as one community” KII Nyanza
• “There is peace because wananchi did not listen to the politicians who incite
them to fight after they lose elections, but they followed their own voice and
stayed in peace with each other” Garissa men
• “Yes. Because of security and civic education for people to get enlightened,
people are educated on the importance of peace” Lagdera women
Limited impact
• “In terms of co-existence as Kenyans, I think we have 20 more steps to go and UBI
was one and half step. I think it needs more than UBI to reach to that coexistence that is up to my 20 steps” KII consortia
• “No. The government was just forming commissions to make money and these
commissioners are not going to the grassroots to the communities affected.
People have bottled up anger which might explode in future” Mwingi youth
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Leadership and Integrity Criteria,
Transparency and Accountability
Had impact
•“Like now they are rating the performance of counties, the top 5 and the
bottoms 5 so if you see that your county is not performing then you raise
your socks. This can really help”
Kisauni youth
•“Before people used to vote for a candidate that came from their
community but now we vote for someone who is going to deliver. People
also look at the education level. Those things are removing the lines of
ethnicity“ Turkana men
Limited impact
• “No one wants to know whether you are learned they look at the party
and the tribe you come from” Eldoret women
•“That can’t change because of tribalism”- Wajir women
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Judicial Process
With impact
• We had faith in the Supreme Court”- Wajir youth
• “For me I think the judicial system contributed to
peace, a few years ago there was a problem of dispute
resolution such that if a person who losses goes to
court the one who won gave the other money. But now
IEBC had created a dispute resolution mechanism, so
the case goes to court” Nyeri youth
•
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Recommendations
 Programme should be continuous in respect to the election cycle with enhancement
and modification nearer the general elections. Avoid periods of high political
temperature.
 Develop a civic education program to sensitize leaders and citizenry on the realistic
roles, responsibilities and expectations regarding devolution.
 Translate print and electronic civic education materials into vernacular languages.
 Encourage timely release of funding for desired outcomes and for effective and
maximum impact.
 Lobby for the State to provide funding for civic education as provided for in the
constitution.
 Work closely with government, to strengthen KNICE and IEBC the main state-actors in
the electioneering process such the IEBC to provide leadership in vetting of aspirants.
 Engage and strengthen political institutions such as political parties to enhance
vetting of aspirants.
 Some donor prefer bilateral funding relationship between governments as opposed to
between donor governments and non-state actors.
 UT could also involve the private sector in both program funding and implementation
through PPPs. These have financial movers of the economy and have critical stake
in
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regard to a peaceful election.
• UT to enhance relationship with the state to influence the introduction of policies
friendly to non-state actors eg education curriculum for long term civic education
is achieved.
• Partner with service providers such as SAFARICOM and AIRTEL for use of mobilebased technology innovative methods, such as ring tones and competitions.
• Engage and strengthen the Judiciary so that the citizenry could have a positive
perception in regard to their impartiality.
• Widen the demographic scope to include specific players who represent youth,
women and disabled category at policy levels in organizations.
• UT to boost its organization staffing at the middle and lower levels particularly in
media and communication.
• Engage, involve and consulting partners in major decisions and activities as well as
regular updates on progress of various activities.
• Noting that the Constitution is very wide;
–
–
–
–
Have varieties of trainings not just lectures and books
Use group work and other participatory ways of learning and social media;
Have county-based trainings for the civic educators . Each county has its own issues
For Kenyans to develop a constitutional culture, have continuous engagement not “drop and go
thing near election.
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